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Networking

Networking. Brian Casaday – Matt Ward November 26, 2007. Outline. Network Types - Structures Overview of Twisted Shielded, Fiber Optics, Coax, Firewire Uses Current State Applications Limitations Supporting Technology Costs Integration Applications Vendors. Current State.

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Networking

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  1. Networking Brian Casaday – Matt Ward November 26, 2007

  2. Outline • Network Types - Structures • Overview of Twisted Shielded, Fiber Optics, Coax, Firewire • Uses • Current State • Applications • Limitations • Supporting Technology • Costs • Integration • Applications • Vendors

  3. Current State http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Topology

  4. Current State - Networks • PAN - Personal • LAN - Local • CAN - Company • MAN – Metropolitan • WAN – Wide Area • WLAN - Wireless • GAN – Global • Intranet, Extranet, Internet • BlueTooth – wireless • In many cases, transitioning to wireless

  5. Twisted Shielded Information • Uses – Ethernet, Point to Point, Telephone, etc. • Specifications – • UTP, STP, FTP • Copper – main, conductive metal • Applications • Telephone, Internet • General Wiring • Limitations and Benefits • Distance (needs repeater) • Solder or Crimp • Very flexible • Can fit much more into conduit

  6. Twisted Shielded Information

  7. Firewire (IEEE 1394) Information • Replaced parallel SCSI (in many cases), RS-232, etc. • Serial Bus • 400, 800, S800T, 1600, 3200 • Uses – Voice, Data, or Video • High Transfer Speed • Point to Point • Weight • Applications • F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning II, Space Shuttle (monitor debris) • Ad-hoc computer networks • Video transfer • Limitations • Number of Devices • Distance • More expensive than TP

  8. Coax Information • Uses – Voice, Data, or Video • Applications • Home Video Equipment • Ham Radio Setups • Radio and Television Networks (not as popular anymore) • Cable Television • Application Rules • Impedance • Limitations • Distance • Bend Radius

  9. Coax Information (cont.)

  10. Fiber Optic Information • Uses – Voice, Data, or Video • Applications • Telephone, Internet, HDTV, FIOS • Smart Highways with Intelligent Traffic Lights • Automated Tollbooths • Changeable Message Signs • Limitations • Bend Radius (10X Diameter) • Distance • Benefits • Data Transfer Rate • LED

  11. Limitations – Data Transfer Local Area Network • Dial-Up – Telephone Lines 56 kbps • Serial RS-232 max 0.2304 Mbit/s 0.0288 MB/s • USB Low Speed (USB 1.0) 1.536 Mbit/s 0.192 MB/s • PC-Network 2 Mbit/s 0.25 MB/s • Ethernet Experimental 3 Mbit/s 0.375 MB/s • Ethernet (10base-X) (CAT 3) 10 Mbit/s 1.25 MB/s • T-1 & T-3 1.544 Mbps – 45 Mbps • Thinnet (Coax) 10 Mbps (185 m) • Thicknet (Coax) 10 Mbps (500 m) • Fast Ethernet (100base-X) 100 Mbit/s 12.5 MB/s • FireWire (i-Link) 400 Mbps • Gigabit Ethernet (1000base-X) 1000 Mbit/s 125 MB/s • 10 gigabit Ethernet (10Gbase-X) (CAT 5) 10,000 Mbit/s 1250 MB/s • Myri 10G 10,000 Mbit/s 1250 MB/s • Scalable Coherent Interconnect (SCI) Dual Channel SCI, x8 PCIe 20,000 Mbit/s 2500 MB/s • 100 gigabit Ethernet (100Gbase-X) 100,000 Mbit/s 12,500 MB/s • Copper Cable (Category 7) – Penn State 100 gbps (100 meters) • Common Optical Fiber 100 Mbps – 2 Gbps • SONET 51.84 Mbps – 2.488 Gbps • Optical Fiber 3 trillion bps Wideless Networks • Bluetooth 1.1 1000 kbit/s 125 kB/s • Infared Networks 10 Mbps (max), 1-3 Mbps (typ) • Wireless Communications 2 mil bps • Narrow-band Radio Networks 4.8 Mbps • Spread-spectrum radio networks (mutliple frequencies) 300 Kbps – 1 Mbps

  12. Limitations - Distance • Twisted Pair Cables 100 meters (without repeater) • Thinnet (Coax) 185 meters • Thicknet (Coax) 500 meters • Optical Fiber 100 kilometers • Infared Networks (Wireless) 100 meters • Narrow-band Radio Networks 5000 square meters • DSL distance to local telephone switch • Firewire 72m (theor.) – 4.5m w/ 16 devices • USB 5 meters • RS-232 15 meters

  13. Supporting Technology • Network Interface Cards (NIC) – cable or wireless • Hubs • Bridges • Switches • Routers • Access Points • Ethernet adapters • Coax - “Vampire Tap", (also called a Media Access Unit, or MAU), which physically punctures the wire, and a cable called the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). The AUI runs between the MAU and the computer's network interface card (NIC). • Gateway • Repeater (to extend travel distance)

  14. Cost

  15. Standards (existing / evolving) • IEEE 802.11 - THE WLAN STANDARD was original 1 Mbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, 2.4 GHz RF and IR standard (1997), all the others listed below are Amendments to this standard, except for Recommended Practices 802.11F and 802.11T. • IEEE 802.11a - 54 Mbit/s, 5 GHz standard (1999, shipping products in 2001) • IEEE 802.11b - Enhancements to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s (1999) • IEEE 802.11c - Bridge operation procedures; included in the IEEE 802.1D standard (2001) • IEEE 802.11d - International (country-to-country) roaming extensions (2001) • IEEE 802.11e - Enhancements: QoS, including packet bursting (2005) • IEEE 802.11F - Inter-Access Point Protocol (2003) Withdrawn February 2006 • IEEE 802.11g - 54 Mbit/s, 2.4 GHz standard (backwards compatible with b) (2003) • IEEE 802.11h - Spectrum Managed 802.11a (5 GHz) for European compatibility (2004) • IEEE 802.11i - Enhanced security (2004) • IEEE 802.11j - Extensions for Japan (2004) • IEEE 802.11-2007 - A new release of the standard that includes amendments a, b, d, e, g, h, i & j. (July 2007) • IEEE 802.11k - Radio resource measurement enhancements (proposed - 2007?) • IEEE 802.11l - (reserved and will not be used) • IEEE 802.11m - Maintenance of the standard. Recent edits became 802.11-2007. (ongoing) • IEEE 802.11n - Higher throughput improvements using MIMO (multiple input, multiple output antennas) (September 2008) • IEEE 802.11p - WAVE - Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment (such as ambulances and passenger cars) • IEEE 802.11q - (reserved and will not be used, can be confused with 802.1Q VLAN trunking) • IEEE 802.11r - Fast roaming Working "Task Group r" - 2007? • IEEE 802.11s - ESS Extended Service Set Mesh Networking (working - 2008?) • IEEE 802.11T - Wireless Performance Prediction (WPP) - test methods and metrics Recommendation (working - 2008?) • IEEE 802.11u - Interworking with non-802 networks (for example, cellular) (proposal evaluation - ?) • IEEE 802.11v - Wireless network management (early proposal stages - ?) • IEEE 802.11w - Protected Management Frames (early proposal stages - 2008?) • IEEE 802.11x - (reserved and will not be used, can be confused with 802.1x Network Access Control) • IEEE 802.11y - 3650-3700 MHz Operation in the U.S. (March 2008?) • IEEE 802.11z - Extensions to Direct Link Setup (DLS) (Aug. 2007 - Dec. 2011)

  16. Integration

  17. Class Problem Identify each of these types of network topologies

  18. Applications • BYU Sprinklers • Disneyland • Fast Food Drive Through • Smart Homes • Traffic Control • Security • Manufacturing • Communications • Heating and Air Conditioning • The Internet

  19. BYU Sprinklers • One Weather station and three rain cups • Measures rainfall, humidity, solar irradiation, wind, etc. • One Central Computer • Eight Computer Hubs • 115 Sprinkler Controllers • 2000 Sprinkler Lines • 40,000 Sprinklers

  20. Amusement Parks

  21. Fast Food Drive-Throughs • Wendy’s drive-through in Burbank, California is fielded by a call center in New Hampshire, which is also fielding calls from Florida, D.C., and all over the country.

  22. Smart Homes • Control Lights, music, heating etc. via text messaging • Automatic toilets • House learns individuals’ preferences and accommodates • Self cleaning windows, vacuums, etc. • Automatic shirt ironer • Accommodates to elderly –nursebots

  23. Primary Vendors

  24. References • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm3 • http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2006/11/05/miles_away_ill_have_a_burger/ • http://disneyland.disney.go.com/disneyland/en_US/parks/attractions/detail?name=BuzzLightyearAttractionPage • http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/technology_news/4216434.html • http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Technology/Compare/ • http://www.cirris.com/testing/twisted_pair/twist.html • http://www.james.lipsit.com/home.htm • Network Presentation 2006, ME 486 • http://rollmops.wordpress.com/category/roboter/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_device_bandwidths • http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071114095241.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable • https://kb.iu.edu/data/ahpn.html • http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212126,00.html • http://www.emergecore.com/images/network.jpg

  25. Summary • Network configurations • Network cables/communication • Supporting Technology • Cost • Vendors • Applications

  26. Any Questions?

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