Subpart O - Machine Guarding

1. Subpart O - Machine Guarding OTI 501 Paul Schlumper

2. We Will Cover: • Machine Guarding Principles • Subpart O - Highlights • Mock Plant Walk-Through

3. Why are machines not guarded? • No one would stick their arm, hand, finger, head, etc. in there. • No one is supposed to be back there, in there, around it while it is running. • The machine came that way; it never had a guard. • I’ve been doing it this way for twenty years without any problems.

4. Why are machines not guarded? (cont.) • The guard is in the way • The OSHA inspector didn’t say anything about it. • We’ll put it back on if OSHA comes.

5. Emphasis on Amputations : Where does it apply? • General industry employers whose workplaces include: • shears • saws • slicers • slitters • power presses • (the 4s and a P)

6. Requirements for Safeguards • Prevent contact - prevent worker’s body or clothing from contacting hazardous moving parts • Secure- firmly secured to machine and not easily removed • Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts • Create no new hazards - must not have shear points, jagged edges or unfinished surfaces • Create no interference - must not prevent worker from performing the job quickly and comfortably • Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate the machine without removing the safeguards

7. Where machine hazards occur: • Point of operation • Mechanical power transmission • Other moving parts

8. Machine Hazards

9. Machine Guarding

10. In-Running Nip Points Rotating cylinders Belt and pulley Chain and sprocket Rack and pinion

11. Methods of machine safeguarding • Physical guards • Devices • Location/Distance

12. Guards fixed interlocked adjustable self-adjusting Devices presence sensing pullback restraint safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand contol, etc.) gates Location/distance Feeding and ejection methods automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and ejection robots Miscellaneous aids awareness barriers protective shields hand-feeding tools Methods of Machine Safeguarding

13. Guards • Fixed • Interlocked • Adjustable • Self-adjusting

16. Fixed Guard Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards.

17. Interlocked Guard When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place. Interlocked guard on revolving drum

18. Adjustable Guard Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to facilitate a variety of production operations. Bandsaw blade adjustable guard

19. Self-Adjusting Guard Provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area. Circular table saw self-adjusting guard

20. Safeguarding devices • Presence sensing • Pullback • Restraint • Safety controls and trips • Gates

23. Pullback Device • Utilizes a series of cables attached to the operator’s hands, wrists, and/or arms • Primarily used on machines with stroking action • Allows access to the point of operation when the slide/ram is up • Withdraws hands when the slide/ram begins to descend

24. Hands in die, feeding Point of operation exposed Pullback device attached and properly adjusted Die closed Hands withdrawn from point of operation by pullback device Pullback Device (cont’d)

25. Restraint Device • Uses cables or straps attached to the operator’s hands and a fixed point • Must be adjusted to let the operator’s hands travel within a predetermined safe area • Hand-feeding toolsare often necessary if the operation involves placing material into the danger area

26. Safety Tripwire Cables • Device located around the perimeter of or near the danger area • Operator must be able to reach the cable to stop the machine

27. Two-Hand Control • Requires constant, concurrent pressure to activate the machine • The operator’s hands are required to be at a safe location (on control buttons) and at a safe distance from the danger area while the machine completes its closing cycle .

28. Gate • Movable barrier device which protects the operator at the point of operation before the machine cycle can be started • If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function Gate Open Gate Closed

29. Safeguarding by Location/Distance • Locate the machine or its dangerous moving parts so that they are not accessible or do not present a hazard to a worker during normal operation • Maintain a safe distance from the danger area

30. Automatic Feed(shown on power press) Transparent Enclosure Guard Stock Feed Roll Danger Area Completed Work

31. Robots • Machines that load and unload stock, assemble parts, transfer objects, or perform other tasks • Best used in high-production processes requiring repeated routines where they prevent other hazards to employees

32. Protective Shields These do not give complete protection from machine hazards, but do provide some protection from flying particles, splashing cutting oils, or coolants.

33. Holding Tools • Used to place and remove stock in the danger area • Not to be used instead of other machine safeguards, but as a supplement

35. Subpart O - Machinery and Machine Guarding • 211 - Definitions • 212 - General requirements • 213 - Woodworking machinery • 215 - Abrasive wheel machinery • 216 - Mills and calendars • 217 - Mechanical power presses • 218 - Forging machines • 219 - Mechanical power transmission

36. 1910.212 General Requirements for all Machines

37. 1910.212(a)(1) • One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by the point of operation, in-going nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.

38. 1910.212(a)(3)(ii) • The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded

39. 1910.212(a)(5) • When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven (7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no larger than 1/2 inch.

40. 1910.212(b) • Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving.

41. 1910.213 Woodworking Machinery Requirements

42. 1910.213(a)(9) • All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, and moving parts shall be guarded in accordance with the specific requirements of 1910.219.

43. 1910.213(b)(1) • A mechanical or electrical power control shall be provided on each machine to make it possible for the operator to cut off the power from each machine without leaving his position at the point of operation.

44. 1910.213(b)(3) • On applications where injury to the operator might result if motors were to restart after power failures, provision shall be made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power.

45. Table Saws

46. 1910.213(c)(1) • Each circular hand-fed ripsaw shall be guarded by a hood which shall completely enclose that portion of the saw above the table and that portion of the saw above the material being cut. The hood and mounting shall be arranged so that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut without considerable resistance.

47. 1910.213(c)(2) • Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be furnished with a spreader to prevent material from squeezing the saw or being thrown back on the operator.

48. 1910.213(c)(3) • Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be provided with non-kickback fingers or dogs so located as to oppose the thrust or tendency of the saw to pick up the material or throw it back toward the operator.

49. 1910.213(d)(1) • Each circular crosscut table saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall meet all the requirements of 1910.213(c)(1) for hoods for circular resaws.

50. Radial Arm Saws