EOH3202 Occupational Health 2 nd meeting for Sem II 2016/2017

1. EOH3202 Occupational Health2nd meeting for SemII 2016/2017 Dr. Emilia Zainal Abidin, PhD emiliazainal@gmail.com or za_emilia@upm.edu.my (response time < 24 hours) Office: 03 8947 2643/ 013 3042644 9 May 2017 PJJ Bac Sc. Human Resource Dev2nd Semester 2nd Meeting

2. Were there any problems we need to discuss? • Module – everyone has a copy? • Assignments OK so far? • Yet to receive assignment 1….10% of marks, please submit assignments ya, hanya 4 students sahaja dah hantar until 9/5/17 Emilia Zainal Abidin

3. Your Recent Mid-Semester Examination • Mid semester’s test • Based on Unit/Chapter 1-8 • Self-learning according to the given module • Examination was…… • 2 ½ hours examination • 40 objectives • 4out of 6 short answer questions • How well did you do? • Comments or feedback to improve the type of questions • a._____________________________________________ • b._____________________________________________ • c._____________________________________________

4. Our Coming Final Exam in December 2016/January 2017 • Unit/Chapter 9 to 17 – about 9chapters • Important that students try to answer the short questions at the end of each chapter in the module and also do assignments to help strengthen knowledge • 2 ½ hours? • 40 objectives? • 5/8 short answer questions? • Any requests? Please send me information via padlet or email, emiliazainal@gmail.com Emilia Zainal Abidin

5. Topics included in final exam • Ergonomic Hazards – Risk factors of Musculoskeletal Disease • Chemical Hazards - Organic Solvent Poisoning • Chemical Hazards: Heavy Metal • Chemical Hazards - Pesticides • Bio Hazard Management • Occupational Psychosocial Hazards • Workers’ Compensation • Violence at Work • Emergency Response Plan and First Aid Emilia Zainal Abidin

6. Responsibility to protect the safety, health and welfare of workers and visitors • Duties of an Employer – OSH Act, Act 514, 1994 Section 15 – 19 • To ensure the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees and visitors. • To formulate safety and health policy. Extra protection for the disabled etc. • There are seven regulations under OSHA 1994 that enforced by DOSH. • Employers’ Safety and Health General Policy Statements (Exception) Regulations, 1995 • Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards Regulations, 1996 • CLASS Regulation 2013 • Safety and Health Committee Regulations, 1996 • Safety and Health Officer Regulations, 1997 • Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2000 • Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease Regulations, 2004 Emilia Zainal Abidin

7. Duties of Safety and Health Officer as to the SHO Regulations 1997 • to advise employer on the safety and health measures; • to inspect and determine the safety of work place; • to investigate any accident which has happened in the work place; • to assist employer in organizing and implementing OSH programme; • to become secretary to the OSH committee; • to assist the committee in any inspection of the work place; • to collect, analyze and maintain statistics on any accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning and disease which have occurred at the work place; • to assist any officer in carrying out his duty under the Act; • to carry out other instruction made by the employer on any matters pertaining to OSH. Emilia Zainal Abidin

8. Human Nature….do what we are told not to do Emilia Zainal Abidin

9. We need to prevent this… Emilia Zainal Abidin

10. What is the problem with the oxyacetylene gas welding? Emilia Zainal Abidin

11. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS ingatbalik…….. – 5 elements PSYCHOLOGICAL Stress, boredom, burnout CHEMICAL AGENTS Solvents, gases, vapors, fumes, mists, pesticides etc. PHYSICAL AGENTS noise, vibration, radiation, defective illumination, temperature extremes, dusts BIOLOGICAL AGENTS viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, insects, etc. LACK OF ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES exhaustive physical exertions, excessive standing, improper motions, lifting heavy load, job monotony, etc.

12. Tips to answer: Use the hierarchy of hazard control for questions on “management”

13. Identify the hazard and suggest control methods… Emilia Zainal Abidin

14. Identify the hazard and suggest control methods… Emilia Zainal Abidin

15. Identify the hazard and suggest control methods… Emilia Zainal Abidin

16. Identify the hazard and suggest control methods… Emilia Zainal Abidin

17. Read Al-Qasas-The Stories? Responsibility as an employer is stated in quran…. • And when he came to the well of Madyan, he found there a crowd of people watering [their flocks], and he found aside from them two women driving back [their flocks]. He said, "What is your circumstance?" They said, "We do not water until the shepherds dispatch [their flocks]; and our father is an old man.” (28:23) • Then one of the two women came to him walking with shyness. She said, "Indeed, my father invites you that he may reward you for having watered for us." So when he came to him and related to him the story, he said, "Fear not. You have escaped from the wrongdoing people.” (28:25) • “Said one of the (damsels): “O my (dear) father! Engage him on wages: truly the best of men for thee to employ is the (man) who is strong and trust worthy.” (28:26) • He said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on [the condition] that you serve me for eight years; but if you complete ten, it will be [as a favor] from you. And I do not wish to put you in difficulty. You will find me, if Allah wills, from among the righteous.” (28:27) • [Moses] said, "That is [established] between me and you. Whichever of the two terms I complete - there is no injustice to me, and Allah, over what we say, is Witness.” (28:28) Emilia Zainal Abidin

18. Guidelines for Self-Study Final Exam in June 2017 Emilia Zainal Abidin

19. What to focus on? • Unit 9- Ergonomic Hazards – Risk factor and Control of Musculoskeletal Disease • Based on chapter in module • Definition of ergonomic – the science of fitting the job to the worker • What it means?? ----- Involves using special design and evaluation techniques to make tasks, objects, and environments more compatible with human abilities and limitations • Contoh special design? Seperti next slide… Emilia Zainal Abidin

20. Example of ergonomic table and desk for office use, do you use this in your office? Emilia Zainal Abidin

21. Cont. • Ergonomic problems is often associated with muscle pain. What are the risk factors for musculoskeletal disease? • Due to repeated movements of the body • Work postures and movements – outside neutral range • Force of movements • Static muscle load – muscle contraction maintained with no movement • Mechanical stress – parts of body in contact with objects • Vibration • Temperature – extreme high or low temperatures • Examples of ergonomic health problems, please identify a few…. • Give a few symptoms and include stages Emilia Zainal Abidin

22. Example of ergonomic risk factors: Pineapple harvesting workers in Malaysia from my own researchin UPM The workers in Johor carries basket for harvesting, weigh 50-70 kg each, and cumulatively carry 500-600 kg in a day! To tip fruits out, workers will work in awkward positions like picture on right  If I ask you, what will you do as a Human Resource Manager in this big profitable pineapple plantation????? Emilia Zainal Abidin

23. What to focus on? • Unit 10 -Chemical Hazard - Organic Solvent Poisoning • Based on chapter in module • Types of work/jobs that exposes workers to solvents – name a few industries • Understand the main route of exposure – which is inhalation and skin absorption • The health effects of solvents from inhalation sources – bronchitis, central nervous system (behavior, mood) long term like cancer • How to control solvent exposures at workplace? – again using hierarchy of control method • Legislation aspect of solvents - latest Regulations in 2013, Occupational Safety And Health (Classification, Labelling And Safety Data Sheet Of Hazardous Chemicals) • Chemical Safety Data Sheet or CSDS to be included with chemicals purchased • What is the content of CSDS? Emilia Zainal Abidin

24. CSDS? • is an up-to date hand-out or information sheet containing relevant information pertaining to the hazardous chemical or preparation which is vital for establishing arrangements in the safe use of the chemical or preparation at work • Example, but not limited to.. • Full name • Detail of supplier • Hazard identification • Health effects Emilia Zainal Abidin

25. What to focus on? • Unit 11 - Chemical Hazard: Heavy Metal • Based on chapter in module • List the occupations or industries or tasks related to metal exposures – e.g. painting industry, pigments have high metal contents • Identify how metal is absorbed into the worker’s body • As a human resource manager, describe the steps needs to be taken to prevent and control exposure of workers to lead or other similar metals Emilia Zainal Abidin

26. What to focus on? • Unit 12 - Chemical Hazard - Pesticides • Based on chapter in module • Classification of pesticides – use, toxicity, chemical properties, most important to know is organophosphate • Occupations exposed to pesticides • Neurotoxic health effects due to exposures to organophosphate – learn the acetyl cholinesterase function diagram • As a manager, how to control and manage pesticide use in the workplace? Give answers according to the hierarchy of control • Why workers in agricultural sector in Malaysia commonly refuse to wear PPE? Emilia Zainal Abidin

27. Agricultural workers Farmers • Handling pesticide with bare hands • Wear short pants and short sleeves without proper PPE

28. Apply most of the protection but without proper mask • No boots and poor work practices

29. Exposure to Organophosphate pesticide • May result in: • build-up of acetylcholine • cholinesterase inhibition • constant firing of electrical messages • potential symptoms of: • DUMBELSS • -Diarrhoea • -Urination • -Miosis/Muscle weekness • -Excitation of skeleton muscles of CNS • -Lacrimation (tears) • -Sweating • -Salivation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5zFgT4aofA Emilia Zainal Abidin

30. Where are you right now in the Yerkes-Dodson Curve stress performance connection? Jangan stress…you all can do it

31. What to focus on? • Unit 13 - Biohazard Management • Based on lecture notes • Definition of biohazard- A substance derived from an organism, that possess a threat to (primarily) human health • Biohazards divided into • Body fluids pathogen – Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Parasites • Animal – insects, birds • Recombinant DNA – genetic engineering, cloning • Nano-technology • Group of occupation at risk for exposures – examples like hospital • Classification for biohazards, extreme classes Emilia Zainal Abidin

32. Health institutions Emilia Zainal Abidin

33. e.g. Ebola – Group 4 in classification of WHO Emilia Zainal Abidin

34. What to focus on? • Unit 14: Occupational Psychosocial Hazards • Scope of occupational psychosocial hazards • Work-related stress • Workplace violence • Bullying • All types of harassment • Work-life imbalance • What are the effects of stress? • As a human resource manager, how to manage workplace stress? Emilia Zainal Abidin

36. Work environment Conceptual Frame Work of Stress – Stress bukankeranakerjasaja Home environment FAMILY & SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC STRESSORS OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS Work load Work environment Health status Family Conflict Financial Time and System Management ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECT 1. Physiological 2. Psychological 3. Behavioral OUTCOMES OF STRESS Organizational relationship Personality Training MODYFYING VARIABLES SUPPORT Knowledge Skill Social Interaction Coping mechanism Emotional support PERCEIVED STRESS Emilia Zainal Abidin

37. Para pelajarbolehcubaisisoal-selidikini, nantikiramarkahnya, 40 markahkeatasbermaknaanda stress…. Emilia Zainal Abidin

38. Emilia Zainal Abidin

39. Emilia Zainal Abidin

40. What to focus on? • Unit 15 - Workers’ compensation • Based on the module • Work compensation scheme in Malaysia • Private – SOCSO or Perkeso • Civil servants – Ex-Gratia Scheme • Foreign workers – Insurance from the Workmen Compensation Act • Self-employed – None Emilia Zainal Abidin

41. Cont. • What is the importance of work compensation for workers? • Identify the compensation act for foreign workers in Malaysia. What does the compensation covers? • Explain the functions of SOCSO/PERKESO. • Identify the two compensation schemes for workers under the SOCSO or PERKESO. • Explain in detail regarding the compensation schemes. Emilia Zainal Abidin

42. Explanation for SKIM PERKESO 1) SKIM INSURANS BENCANA PEKERJAAN Bencanapadaseseorangpekerjasendiridisebabkanolehkemalanganatausuatupenyakitkhidmatterbitdaripadadandalammasamenjalankanpekerjaandalamsesuatuperusahaan. SKIMFAEDAHPERKESO ADA DUA!! 2) SKIM PENCEN ILAT Skim inimemberiperlindungan 24 jamkepadapekerjaterhadapkeilatanataukematianakibatsebarangsebab yang tidakberkaitandenganpekerjaan.

43. ContohFaedahyang disediakan • SKIM INSURANS BENCANA PEKERJAAN • FaedahPerubatan • FaedahHilangupayaSementara • FaedahHilangupayaKekal • ElaunLayananSentiasa • Faedah Orang Tanggungan • FaedahPengurusanMayat • FaedahPemulihan • FaedahPendidikan • SKIM PENCEN ILAT • PencenIlat • BantuanIlat • ElaunLayananSentiasa • PencenPenakat • FaedahPengurusanMayat • FaedahPemulihan • FaedahPendidikan Emilia Zainal Abidin

44. What to focus on? • Unit 16 - Violence at Work • Based on the module and notes • Definition of violence • Why violence continue to occur in Malaysia? • Identify the forms of work-related violence – 4 categories • What is the definition of sexual harassment? • What is the classification of sexual harassment? 5 categories • How to prevent sexual harassment problems at the workplace? Emilia Zainal Abidin

45. What to focus on? • Unit 17 - Emergency Response Plan and First Aid • Based on the module and current news • Why is ERP important at the workplace? • Identify how the Human Resource Manager can contribute to ERP • What are the effects of a workplace that does not have ERP • Elements of ERP – evacuation plan, area custodian/damage control team, fire brigade, emergency medical facility • What is in First Aid Box? Emilia Zainal Abidin

46. Recent fire in a Hospital in Johor, 2016Ingattak? Ada beberapapesakit yang mati, patutkahmerekamatidalamkeadaan yang menyayathati? Bayangkanpesakittersebutadalahkenalankita, mestikita rasa initidakadil…tanggungjawabpemilikpremisuntukmenyediakanpelanresponskecemasan yang efektif. Emilia Zainal Abidin

47. All the best for your examination. InshaAllahbolehjawabsemuanya.Thank you. Emilia Zainal Abidin