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WG3 plant and soil interactions

WG3 plant and soil interactions. Minutes of the meetings of Working Group 3 during the 1 st SUSVAR workshop at Tune Landboskole (28-30 June 2004) Compiled by Fabio Mascher-Frutschi, Agroscope RAC Changins, Nyon (CH). 2 July 2004. People present.

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WG3 plant and soil interactions

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  1. WG3 plant and soil interactions Minutes of the meetings of Working Group 3 during the 1st SUSVAR workshop at Tune Landboskole (28-30 June 2004) Compiled by Fabio Mascher-Frutschi, Agroscope RAC Changins, Nyon (CH). 2 July 2004. Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  2. People present • John Baddeley, Scottish Agricultural College • Marina Azzaroli Bleken, Agricultural University of Norway • Tara S. Gahoonia, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University • Paul Hallett, Scottish Crop Research Institute • Eva Johansson, SLU, Alnarp • Anne-Kristin Løes, Norwegian Centre for Ecological Agriculture • Matthias Lutz, Institute of Plant Science, Zürich • Fabio Mascher-Frutschi, Agroscope RAC Changins • Susanna Muurinen, MTT Agrifood Research • Ari Rajala, MTT Agrifood Research • Peter Schweiger, Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Biol. Agr. • Ingrid Kaag Thomsen, DIAS, Foulum • Christine Watson, Scottish Agricultural College • Maria Wivstad, SLU, Uppsala • Sandra Wright, Göteborg University Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  3. Excused • Andrzej Anioł • Elisabeth Stockdale, University of Newcastle • Geneviève Défago, ETH Zürich • Paul Mäder, FibL • Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, Université de Lyon1 Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  4. Monday, 28 June INTRODUCTION Programme proposal for WG3 Monday 16:30-18:00 Presentations (I) Tuesday 9:00- 10:00 Presentations (II) 10:00-12:00 Discussions: objectives, aims, outputs and deliverables Wednesday 10:00-13:00 Common experiments Protocols and sites STSMs in WG3 Next workshop Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  5. Monday, 28 June INTRODUCTION Monday 28 June 04 • Short presentations of all participants • After the presentation: • list on the blackboard the methods you use (only in a few words). Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  6. Description of Varieties Mixtures (Eco-) systems Root M.A. Bleken, J. Baddeley, development T.S. Gahoonia, C. Watson, J. Baddeley, A.K. Løes C. Watson, I.K. Thomsen, A.K. Løes N + P uptake M. Wivstad, E. Johannson M.A. Bleken, I.K. Thomsen, S. Muurinen, A. Rajala Soil P. Hallett, I.K. P. Hallett, I.K. disturbance Thomsen Thomsen Microbial F.Mascher M. Lutz, P. ecology Schweiger Biocontrol S. Wright Monday, 28 June PRESENTATIONS A summary of topics treated within the presentations Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  7. Monday, 28 June PRESENTATIONS A rough picture of the blackboard filled up with methods available in WG3, a complete list will be compiled by A.K. Løes and made available in the WG3 section of the SUSVAR homepage (http://www.cost860.dk) Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  8. Tuesday, 29 June INTRODUCTION Tuesday, 29 June 2004 • Finishing the presentations of the participants • Focus on SUSVARs’ aims and objectifs • Problems in low-input and organic agriculture • What WG3 may contribute to SUSVAR? • How WG3 may contribute to SUSVAR? Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  9. Tuesday, 29 June INTRODUCTION Aim of SUSVAR to ensure stable and acceptable yields of good-quality crops for low-input, especially organic, cereal production in Europe Objectives • to establish methods for selecting varieties, lines and populations • to develop ways to increase and make use of • crop diversity and • genotype-environment interactions Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  10. Tuesday, 29 June INTRODUCTION Aims of WG3 • Provide information to breeders about • nutrient acquisition of cereal genotypes • genotype and microbe interactions • adaptation to low-input agriculture • Study solutions for stabilizing yield in low-input/organic agriculture • varieties • microbial inoculants Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  11. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Working topics covered within WG3 (n=11) Others: nutrient recycling, integration between crop & animal, plant root systems (architecture/lifespan), C & N turnover in soil Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  12. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Your expertise A = Soil science; B = Soil microbiology; C = Plant nutrition/nutrient acquisition D = Biocontrol/Plant pathology; E = Soil ecology; F = Breeding G = Genotypes-soil disturbance interactions; H = others Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  13. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Our expertise A = Soil science; B = Soil microbiology; C = Plant nutrition/nutrient acquisition D = Biocontrol/Plant pathology; E = Soil ecology; F = Breeding G = Genotypes-soil disturbance interactions; H = others Others: nutrient recycling, integration between crop & animal, plant root systems, plant ecology, crop development and growth, conversion to organic farming, social science, Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  14. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Your experimental approach A = field; B = greenhouse; C = laboratory; D = theoretically; E = other Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  15. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Our experimental approach A = field; B = greenhouse; C = laboratory; D = theoretically; E = other Others: farm, farming systems, farm level studies Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  16. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Field experiments(possibility to host an experiment) • Finland: MTT Agrifood ResearchPentti Seuri Susanna Muurinen Ari Rajala • Scotland: Scottish Agriculture College • Christine Watson • Denmark: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences • Ingrid K. Thomsen The Royal Veterinary and Agriculture UniversityTara S. Gahoonia • Switzerland: Agroscope RAC Changins • Fabio Mascher • Norway: Agricultural University of Norway Marina Azzaroli Bleken Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  17. Tuesday, 29 June THE QUESTIONNAIRE Field experiments(sampling and analysis) • Finland: MTT Agrifood ResearchPentti Seuri Susanna Muurinen Ari Rajala • Scotland: Scottish Agriculture College • Christine Watson • Switzerland: Agroscope RAC Changins • Fabio Mascher ETH ZürichMatthias Lutz Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  18. Tuesday, 29 June DISCUSSION List of problems in low-input agriculture • A grain quality (protein content), weeds, smuts • N soil structure, weeds, N-depletion • CH N-deficiency, yield stability, soil- and seed-borne diseases • S yield stability (weeds, N-unavailable in spring) • DK yield quantity • UK N-unavailable in spring, weeds • FIN yield formation, weeds, baking quality Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  19. Tuesday, 29 June DISCUSSION Tasks of WG3 • Task 1: Make more N + P available at the right time (standpoint plant AND soil) • Task 2: Study beneficial microbes to enhance plant health and yield stability • Further tasks will be determined during SUSVAR Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  20. Wednesday, 30 June INTRODUCTION Wednesday 30 June 2004 • Division into two groups: (1) roots/nutrients and (2) microbial ecology • Each group discusses and documents: • the indicators to provide • the discussion and planning of common experiments • proposals for STSMs • Presentations of the outcome of each group • STSMs, homepage, next workshops • Establishment of an AGENDA • Closing the WG3 meeting Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  21. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Task 1 • Make more N + P available at the right time (standpoint plant AND soil) How to intervene • Study root development • Study root associated microbes • Study plant growth and development habit • Nutrient allocation and timing Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  22. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Providing indicators • Aboveground (sequential sampling) - biomass, N, P, leaf area, grain and straw measurements at harvest • Belowground - top 40cm, biomass, root length, root hairs, architecture, “Bertholdsson test”. (Possible additions - root interactions in mixtures, AMF (mycorrhiza)) • Soil basic data - extractable P, K, total N, texture, density, pH, loss on ignition, CEC Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  23. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Considerations • Emphasis on existing experiments, use of common techniques where possible • modelling techniques likely to be important • use existing data where possible • work on mixed and arable systems • grain yield is not the only consideration (eg biomass production may be important) • emphasise importance of root measurements to breeders and obtaining model varieties Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  24. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Task 2 • Study beneficial microbes to enhance plant health and yield stability How to intervene • Study biocontrol bacteria against seed- and soil-borne diseases • Study colonization of cultivars by micro-organisms • Study effect of cultivars on beneficial micro-organisms • Develop methods to preserve mycorrhiza Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  25. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Providing indicators • Screening methods to study cereal cultivars and beneficial bacteria interaction • Screening methods to study effect of seed-coating bacteria in greenhouse and field • Cultural methods to preserve mycorrhiza Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  26. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Common experiments within WG3 and among WGs • Looking at colonization of genotypes by microbes and effect of cultivars on efficacy of microbes (WG3) • Using isolates for protection against seed- and soil-borne diseases (varieties field test in Sweden and Scotland)(WG3, WG3 + WG5) • Problem stinking smut: use seed drench bacteria and varietal resistance(WG3 + WG5 => WG1) • Develop methods to examine soil-physical impact on plants and microbes(WG3 + WG4) Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  27. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION To consider further • Use of existing data • Sustainable soil management • Soil structure/properties/organic matter • Impact of varieties on soil and vice-versa • Nutrient ecology: role of microbes • Nutrient losses from soil • Protein analysis (for baking/pasta quality) (E. Johansson) • Extractable organic N in soils and role of AMF Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  28. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION A common activity within WG3 Question: Find varieties that optimise nutrient extraction from soil We collaborate in: Root development and physiology Root – shoot allocation Microbes colonization and efficiency Modelling nutrient uptake We need: Input from WG6 and WG1 for varieties to study and ongoing field trial sites Responsable: ?? Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  29. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION STSM Proposals for STSM • Work on one field experiment (to be selected) and partners make a set of measurements of root & soil parameters Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  30. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Homepage What to put on the homepage: • minutes of WG3 meetings • method list of blackboard • a presentation of each participant in WG3 (short description of each p., publication list, working topic etc). • .pdf files as reprints of publications upon request to the author • responsible for WG3: Matthias Lutz Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  31. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION Possible types of workshops • Presentation workshops • Practical workshop learning and seeing new methods, do something together (learning by doing) evalutation of field tests etc. data discussion (refer to as « digging workshop ») • WG meetings, discussion and organising common activities • Mixtures Important is the way to organise a « presentation workshop », as a basis of discussion, it might not be necessary to show «perfect presentations » but to present methodology and results which allows questions and suggestions. Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  32. Wednesday, 30 June DISCUSSION AGENDA • Meeting at Witzenhausen to refine our discussions • WG meeting: spring 2005 in Switzerland • « Contributions to genotype testing » • evtl. combined WG3 + WG5 workshop • evtl. postpone to do a practical workshop (digging) Establish email-allert for WG3 or a discussion forum Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

  33. Wednesday, 30 June Thanks a lot for the excellent discussions! Minutes of the 1st Meeting WG3 – Tune Landboskole, 28-30 June 04

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