MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SPEAKING II

1. MEDIA PEMBELAJARANSPEAKING II COMPOSED BY INDRI WIRAHMI BAY, S.Pd

2. Meeting IMAKING REQUESTS (DEGREE OF POLITENESS) • In any kind of interaction, there are polite and impolite forms of speech. The degree of politeness required is determined by the situation and the people involved in the interaction. • Interactions require three areas of Language. These are Vocabulary, Grammar and Communication Skills. • Let's look at some of basic the vocabulary of Requests and Requests for Information. • Please to request a favor want can may to ask for Would like have I wonder a request How Could able to

3. CommunicationSkills - these are the skills that need to be learned within the context of culture. Why are these important? What you say What you don’t say How you say it. When you say it Where you say it Why you say it To whom you say it. • Degree of politeness Impolite “Get me a coffee” Neutral “Coffee please” More Polite “May I have the menu, please?” Very Polite “I wonder if I could have a coffee, please?”

4. Meeting IIRequesting information • Impolite “tell me where you live” • Neutral “can you ask to your friend about the party?” • More Polite “could you tell me where the post office is , please?” • Very Polite “I wonder if you could show me the way, please?”

5. Meeting IIIRequesting Information(Interrupting) • Getting people's attention and interrupting • There are certain occasions when you must interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something else. It is important to know how to do this, as well as whenit is socially acceptable to do it. In this lesson, you will study interrupting people and getting people's attention, two functions that are very closely linked. • In fact, when you try to interrupt people then you will get their attention. It is important to do it in polite way.

6. Here are some examples how to interrupt and get people’ attention 1. rise your hand 2. say excuse 3. say your name 4. knock the door if you are out of the room 5. say “attention please” 6. etc

7. Meeting IVPreferences • Have you ever get confuse to choose two things you like but you must decide one of them? You will apply the following examples below when you are in stump situations. • examples: (a) I prefer apples to oranges (b) I prefer watching TV to studying (c) I like apples betterthan oranges (d) I like watching TV better than studying (e) Ann would rather have an apple than (have) an orange (f) I’d rather visit a big city than live there

8. Questions: (a) Would you rather have an apple or an orange. I’d rather have an apple (b) Would you rather go to a museum or a sport even?. I’d rather go to a sport even (c) Which one do you prefer, (the blue one or the red one)? I prefer the blue one (to the red one) (d) Which one do you like better/more, (the blue one or the red one?) I like the red one (better than the blue one)

9. Meeting VGiving Commands or Information (directing) • When you need any unclear information, you better ask someone by the following questions below Do you have any information about …………? Can you tell me anything about …………? Are you be able to tell me anything about ….? Could you give me the number of ………?

10. Examples responses * I am sorry. I don’t have any information about that number. * I’m sorry, I can’t help you with that one. * No. I only have information about supermarket on the Palm Street. * No, but I can help you with number……. • How do you get from ……… to……… • When you answer the question reference must be made to the physical layout of the map. You will use words such as left, right, on your right, straight, turn, ahead, to the left, etc.

11. Meeting VIGiving and Clarifying Instruction • Giving instruction bat racquet * Hold the ball like this Club * Stand in this position * Turn the left * Bend your elbows • Giving Clarifying * Like this? * Is this what you mean? * Do you mean this way?

12. Meeting VIIEXPRESSING FEELINGS AND OPINIONS(LIKE AND DISLIKES, AGREE AND DISAGREE) • Asking About Likes and Dislikes What is your favorite time of day? What vegetable do you like? What sports don’t you like? • Expressing Likes and Dislikes I love …………….. I really like ………….. I like ………… I don’t care for ……….. I can’t stand ………….

13. Expressing Opinions I think ………… I don’t think that color is good for you I believe that you will find me I don’t believe ……….. I agree …………….. I don’t agree…… In my opinion ……………….

14. Meeting IXASKING FOR OR GIVING ADVICE Should My clothes are dirty. I ought to wash them had better • Should, ought to, and had better have basically the same meaning. They have: “This is a good idea. This is good advice” • You need your sleep. You shouldn’t stay up late Negative: should + not = shouldn’t

15. I’d better You’d better He’d better study tonight She’d better We’d better They’d better • Contraction of had = ‘d Note: usually had is the past form of have. However, in the expression had better, had is used as part of an idiom and the meaning is not past. The meaning is present or future. • Ought to is usually not used in negative • The negative of had better is had better not, and it often carries a warning of bad sequences • Example. You had better not be late! If you are late, you will get into a lot of trouble.

16. Asking for Suggestion What do you think he/she should do? What do you suggest? What would you do? • Giving Advice/Explaining Consequences I think he should ……… I don’t think she should ……… I think he ought to ……… If she ……, she will be able to ……… If he ……, he won’t be able to ……… If I were her, I would ………

17. Meeting XInviting • An invitation consists of requesting someone's presence, staring the specific event, and setting the time and place. • Spoken invitations • Formal written invitations • RSVP address • Regrets only • Accepting an Invitation: 1. Thank the person or express pleasure at being invited. 2. Get the necessary details of place, time, dress standards, etc • In an informal situation you can ask how you can help • Refusing an Invitation Apology Reason for refusal Possible second apology

18. Non-invitations We’ll have to get together sometime You'll have to come over and visit us sometime You'll have to come over sometime. We’ll have to get together again soon If you're ever in Houston, look me up Ifyou're ever in Pittsburgh, give me a call Ifyou're ever in the area, come and visit • Responses: I'd love to. Yes, that would be nice.

19. Meeting XI-XIITHANKING PEOPLE AND REPLY TO THANKS • Responding to offers of thanks in some situations are important if you want to be considered polite. Perhaps the situations where you need to respond are different in Indonesia • Presenting Someone with Something I’d like you to have this gift. I hope you like it Shirt • I thought you’d like this necklace book

20. Expressing Thanks Thank you so very much It was so kind of you Thanks. It’s great Thanks a lot • When to Thank * For a gift * For a favor * For an offer of help * For a compliment and a wish of success * When asked about their health * For an invitation * When leaving a party or social gathering * For services, such as being waited on in a store or restaurant

21. CHAPTER XIII-XIVEXPRESSING ANGER AND RESOLVING CONFLICT • There are many things that make people angry. Some of these are fairly predictable given the situation; others are highly personal and idiosyncratic. There are certain situations / words that can make Westerners angry. You must be cautious when expressing or reacting to anger in a language not your own. If you say the wrong thing the situation could get worse. It is best to try to resolve the issue.

22. The following situations will make many Westerners angry: Breaking a Promise Lying Interfering in personal matters Breaking a confidence Taking something without permission Being Insulting Falling to apologize Falling to thank someone Falling to return invitations • There are several possible ways to express anger or hostility. Blowing off steam Mild rebuke Extreme politeness Silence Sarcasm Screaming and yelling Threatening

23. CHAPTER XVEXPRESSING PROBABILITY AND POSSIBILITY LOGICAL CONCLUSION AND PREDICTION • Probability refers to logical conclusion (must) (a) Nancy is yawning (b) She must be sleepy In (a), speaker B is making a logical guess. He bases his guess on the information that Nancy is yawning. His logical conclusion, his “best guess is Nancy is sleepy. He uses must to express his logical conclusion (a) She must like to play tennis (b) Amy plays tennis everyday • Negative Logical Conclusion: (a) Eric ate everything on his plate except the pickle (b) He must not like pickles

24. Possibility refers to prediction (may, might, could) (a) It may rain tomorrow (b) It might rain tomorrow. (a) Why isn’t John in class? (b) I don’t know. He may/might be sick today • May and might express possibility in the present or future. They have the same meaning. (a) it may not rain tomorrow (b) it might not rain tomorrow (c) She may have forgotten our invitation (d) She might have forgotten the time (e) Her car could have broken down

25. A. why isn’t’ Greg in class? B. I don’t know. He could be sick Look at those dark clouds. It could start raining any minute • In A: “he could be sick“ has the same meaning as “He may/might be sick”. They mean it is possible that he is sick.