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The Civil War

The Civil War. The Civil War. Southern Goals and Strategy. Southern goals Seek recognition from Britain, France Independence ! Flaws in goals? Southern Strategy Fight defensive war, until North gave up Exceptions: Antietam Gettysburg. Northern Goals and Strategy. Northern goals

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War The Civil War

  2. Southern Goals and Strategy • Southern goals • Seek recognition from Britain, France • Independence! • Flaws in goals? • Southern Strategy • Fight defensive war, until North gave up • Exceptions: • Antietam • Gettysburg

  3. Northern Goals and Strategy • Northern goals • Restore the Union • End slavery (after 1863) • Anaconda Plan • Blockade South • Divide South, along Mississippi River • Seize Richmond • Later: Defeat Lee, CSA army in East

  4. Why is Civil War Still Relevant? • First American war, recorded • US population was largely literate • Little censorship of military • 140 years later: still appalling • Worth the sacrifice? Diary of Alfred S. Rowe, 6th Maryland Vols. (note bullet hole in upper right corner)

  5. Cost of Civil War • Human cost: 620,000 casualties (KIA, WIA, MIA) • WWII: 400k casualties in 4 years • Antietam: 23,000 casualties in one day (more than all wars fought by US to that point) • Gettysburg: 50,000 casualties in three days • Vietnam: 58,000 casualties in ten years

  6. Explaining the Cost of the CW • Rifled musket • Easy to use, easy to teach • Rifling • Bullet caliber: .58 cal. • Snipers

  7. Explaining the Cost of the CW • Outdated tactics • West Point still teaching Napoleonic tactics • New tactics, painfully learned • Cover • Trenching • Size of armies • Sheer volume of fire

  8. Explaining the Cost of the CW • Rifled artillery • Accuracy, range • New types of shells • Solid shot • Case shot • Canister • Impact (HE) shell

  9. Explaining the Cost of the CW • Disease • Dysentery (dirty water) • Sepsis (infected wounds) • Exposure • Medical care • Triage system pioneered • Divide incoming wounded into 3 categories • Drs, nurses understood what to do (just not enough of them) WARNING GRAPHIC IMAGE COMING UP!

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