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Lesson 24. Protocols and the OSI Model

Lesson 24. Protocols and the OSI Model. Objectives. At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:. Define protocol and explain why different protocols are required.

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Lesson 24. Protocols and the OSI Model

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  1. Lesson 24. Protocols and the OSI Model

  2. Objectives At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to:

  3. Define protocol and explain why different protocols are required. Identify the main protocols that make up the TCP/IP Suite including TCP, IP, UDP, POP3, SMTP, IMAP4, SNMP, FTP, TFTP, NTP, and HTTP. Explain the purpose of each of the above protocols.

  4. Network+ Domains covered: 2.2 2.4 2.10

  5. In Networking, Protocols are: Agreements that describe how things work. Industry-wide frameworks that describe every aspect of communications between computers. Grouped together into Protocol Suites.

  6. In the PC world, the main Protocol Suites are: NetBEUI – Used in small Microsoft-based networks. IPX/SPX – Used primarily in Novell-based networks. TCP/IP – Must be used if the network is to connect to the Internet. But it is also widely used even in those networks that do not connect to the Internet.

  7. OSI Model vs. TCP/IP Stack Application 7 HTTP Presentation 6 SMB RFS NFS Session SMTP FTP SNMP 5 Transport TCP UDP 4 Network IP 3 Data Link 2 Physical 1

  8. Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite: TCP IP UDP POP3/IMAP4 SMTP SNMP FTP TFTP HTTP NTP

  9. Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite: Delivery Service TCP IP UDP POP3/IMAP4 SMTP SNMP FTP TFTP HTTP NTP

  10. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Connection-oriented, reliable delivery service. Demands that a connection be established before communications can begin. Views data as a stream that is broken into segments and assigned sequence numbers.

  11. Connection-Oriented Protocol Setup Request Setup Response Sending Host Receiving Host Network

  12. Connection-Oriented Protocol 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sending Host Receiving Host Data Sequence Acknowledgement Network

  13. Connection-Oriented Protocol Host Host Connection Clear Clear Response Network

  14. Setup Request Setup Response Data Sequence Session Acknowledgement Connection Clear Clear Response

  15. Application 7 Presentation 6 Session 5 Transport Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 4 Network 3 Data Link 2 Physical 1

  16. Internet Protocol (IP) Another type of delivery service. Not connection-oriented, not guaranteed reliable. Data viewed as a packet. No acknowledgement that packet was received. Provides routing information from the sender to the receiver.

  17. Application 7 Presentation 6 Session 5 Transport 4 Internet Protocol (IP) Network 3 Data Link 2 Physical 1

  18. TCP vs. IP • Connectionless • “Best-effort” Delivery • Network Layer Protocol • Low overhead Connection-oriented Reliable Delivery Transport Layer Protocol High overhead

  19. The IPX/SPX Suite has protocols that are comparable to TCP and IP. SPX is roughly equivalent to TCP IPX is roughly equivalent to IP

  20. Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) Connection-Oriented Reliable delivery Views data as a sequence of packets (Stream) Operates at the Transport Layer of the OSI model.

  21. Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) Connectionless Reliable delivery cannot be guaranteed Operates at the Network Layer of the OSI model.

  22. IPX/SPX Stack TCP/IP Stack OSI Model Application Presentation Session Transport TCP SPX Network IPX IP Data Link Physical

  23. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Another delivery service. Has some of the features of both TCP and IP. Like TCP, it breaks data into a sequence of packets and numbers them. Operates at the Transport layer of the OSI Model. Connectionless service, no guarantee of delivery.

  24. Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite: E-Mail TCP IP UDP POP3/IMAP4 SMTP SNMP FTP TFTP HTTP NTP

  25. Post Office Protocol (POP) Widely used e-mail access protocol. Used to download e-mail from an e-mail server to an e-mail client. Version 3 or POP3 is the current version of the software. Used to receive e-mail, but not to send it. Uses TCP as its transport protocol, therefore delivery is reliable.

  26. Post Office Protocol (POP) Works best from a single computer. Messages are downloaded and then deleted from the mail server. Not compatible with access from multiple computers. Messages are scattered across all of the computers used for mail access.

  27. Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4 (IMAP4) Used to access electronic mail or bulletin board messages from a mail server. Ability to access messages from more than one computer.

  28. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Used to send e-mail. Used for PC to e-mail server communications. Used for e-mail server to e-mail server communications. Uses TCP as a transport protocol, so it is reliable.

  29. Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite: TCP IP UDP POP3/IMAP4 SMTP SNMP FTP TFTP HTTP NTP Network Management File Transfer HyperText Transfer Time Synchronization

  30. Simple Network Management Protocol Used to communicate network status information. Used to indicate the health of the network to network management consoles. Originally used to monitor bridges and routers. Extended to include servers, hubs, and mainframe computers.

  31. File Transfer protocol (FTP) Both a protocol and a program. Allows fast, secure, and error-free file transfer between two hosts. Uses TCP as its Transport Protocol. Because it is a TCP/IP protocol, it is NOS-independent.

  32. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Can be thought of as a “lite” version of FTP. Similar to FTP except that … It uses UDP as its transport protocol. It does not have any type of authentication and therefore is considered less secure.

  33. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Used to transfer Web pages from a Web Server to a Web Browser. The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in the Address line of your Browser is often prefixed by HTTP as in: HTTP//WWW.HEATHKIT.COM

  34. Network Time Protocol (NTP) Widely used on the Internet to synchronize computer clocks to a standard time. A synchronization protocol that can read a server’s clock, transmit the reading to various clients, and adjust each client’s clock accordingly.

  35. Define protocol and explain why different protocols are required. Identify the main protocols that make up the TCP/IP Suite including TCP, IP, UDP, POP3, SMTP, IMAP4, SNMP, FTP, TFTP, NTP, and HTTP. Explain the purpose of each of the above protocols.

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