OWL Capturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language

1. OWLCapturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language Aditya Kalyanpur Jennifer Jay Banerjee James Hendler Presented By Rami Al-Ghanmi

2. Outline • Introduction • The Paper & Authors • Ontologies in Computer Science • Ontologies in NLP • History of OWL • OWL: Web Ontology Language • Characteristics • OWL & RDF • Applications of OWL • Conclusion Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

3. Introduction Paper and Authors The Need of an Ontology Language

4. The Paper • Title: • OWL: Capturing Semantic Information using a Standardized Web Ontology Language • Source: • Multilingual Computing & Technology Magazine • Vol 15, Issue 7 • November 2004 • http://new.multilingual.com/ • URL: • http://www.mindswap.org/papers/MultiLing.pdf • Research Group • Mindswap @ University of Maryland College Park • http://www.mindswap.org Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

5. The Authors • Aditya Kalyanpur • PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2006 • Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center • http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/ • Jennifer Golbeck • PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2005 • Research Director, Joint Institute for Knowledge Discovery (JIKD) • http://www.cs.umd.edu/~golbeck/ • James A. Hendler • Professor, University of Maryland, College Park • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY • http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler/ Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

6. Semantic Web • Semantic Web is an extention of WWW • Semantic Web Content • HTML • Layer of Machine Understandable Data • Why an Extra Layer? • Precisely describe knowledge • Specify implicit information (e.g. in videos) • Be publicly accessible and usable • How to Create such a Layer? Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

7. Ontologies in Computer Science AI & NLP Ontologies History of OWL

8. Ontologies in AI • Ontology as a philosophical concept • Ontology is the study of being or existence • Ontology can be said to study conceptions of reality • Using Ontology in AI • Specify concepts and relationships • Characterize a certain body of knowledge • Goal: in a machine readable manner • Why? • Manipulate and Transform • Draw Conclusions Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

9. Use of AI Ontologies • CROSSMARC • European Research Project, 2003 • Information retrieval from dynamic web content • http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/crossmarc/ • AQUA • Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, UK, 2004 • Question Answering System • http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/akt/aqua/ • IAMTC • Interlingual Annotation of Multilingual Text Corpora • Natual Language support system • Professor Eduard Hovy of ISI is PI. • http://aitc.aitcnet.org/nsf/iamtc/ Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

10. History of OWL • Simple HTML Ontology Extension [SHOE] • University of Maryland, 2000 • Added Semantic Tags to HTML pages • Ontology Interchange Level [OIL] • EU Project, Led by University of Amsterdam, 2000 • Description Logic was added • Built around XML & RDF • DARPA Agent Markup Language Program [DAML] • Department of Defense, 2000 • a.k.a. DAML-ONT • DAML+OIL Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

11. History of OWL (cont’d) • Emergence of a Standard • Success of DAML+OIL • W3C formed Web Ontology Working Group, Nov. 2002 • http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/ Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

12. OWL Characteristics OWL & RDF

13. Web Ontology Language • OWL is built on • Resource Description Framework (RDF) • Uses RDF Schema Language (RDFS) • Creating Concepts in OWL • Classes • Properties a.k.a. relationships or attributes • Instances a.k.a. objects <Class ID="Person"/> <Property ID="name"/> <Property ID="birthday"/> <Property ID="friend"/> Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

14. OWL Semantic Graph Joe Blog Joe Jan 1 1950 name birthday friend John Doe John name • Concept • Joe Blog, born January 1, 1950, is friends with John Doe. • Representation Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

15. OWL in Action (resources) <Person ID="Joe"> <name>Joe Blog</name> <birthday>January 1, 1950</birthday> <friend resource="#John"/> </Person> <Person ID="John"> <name>John Doe</name> </Person> Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

16. OWL In Action (domains) <Class ID="Person"/> <Property ID="name"> <domain resource="#Person"/> </Property> <Property ID="birthday"> <domain resource="#Person"/> </Property> <Property ID="friend"> <domain resource="#Person"/> <range resource="#Person"/> </Property> Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

17. OWL Sub-languages • OWL Lite • For tool builders • Easy to use and support • OWL DL • OWL Full • Domain Modeling • High learning curve Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

18. OWL vs. RDF • Local Range Restrictions • Domain: Person • Range: Food • Property: Eats • Problem with RDF: Vegetarians !! • Set Functionality • Unions • Intersections • Complements • Disjointness • Person: AlivePerson or DeadPerson Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

19. OWL vs. RDF (cont’d) • Cardinalities • Max • Min • Others • See OWL specs :) Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

20. Applications

21. OWL in Practice • W3C’s SWBPD • Semantic Web Best Practices & Development Working Group • WordNet Task Force • WordNet • http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ • QuakeSim • http://quakesim.org/ • MindSWAP • http://mindswap.org/ Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

22. Conclusion