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TCP/IP

TCP/IP. CIS 454 Dr. Ganesan Monday 6:10-10:00 p.m . Presented by: Rahmat Fazilat Jeff Ho Joseph Kwon Bic Mohandie. TCP/IP AGENDA. Speaker Introduction to TCP/IP Bic Mohandie TCP/IP Model Bic Mohandie TCP/IP Model vs.OSI Model Bic Mohandie TCP/IP Utilities Joseph Kwon

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TCP/IP

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  1. TCP/IP CIS 454 Dr. Ganesan Monday 6:10-10:00 p.m. Presented by: Rahmat Fazilat Jeff Ho Joseph Kwon Bic Mohandie

  2. TCP/IP AGENDA Speaker • Introduction to TCP/IP Bic Mohandie • TCP/IP Model Bic Mohandie • TCP/IP Model vs.OSI Model Bic Mohandie • TCP/IP Utilities Joseph Kwon • DNS and WINS Jeff Ho DHCP RahmatFazilat

  3. Introduction to TCP/IP • Evolution of TCP/IP • Overview of TCP/IP • Benefits of Using TCP/IP

  4. 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 92 93 94 95 96 Birth of Internet, TCP/IP & Related Items Email 72 Mosaic 92 TCP/IP 82 UUCP 76 NSFNET 86 Ethernet 73 Minitel 81 Netscape 94 DNS 84 Apranet 69 Usenet 79 Java 95 WWW 90 First Web Sites GNN NetMarket CNN Digicash Yahoo Iworld MS Net Explorer Java

  5. Overview of TCP/IP What is TCP/IP? • TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network • TCP/IP is composed of layers • Made up of two acronyms:TCP - Transmission Control ProtocolIP - Internet Protocol

  6. Overview of TCP/IP • What is TCP? • What is IP? • TCP/IP provides: • Connection oriented communications • Confirmation of reception - reliable link • Ordering of received information • Addressing of individual processes with a machine (TCP ports)

  7. Benefits of TCP/IP TCP/IP: • Provides an enterprise-widenetwork solution • Is an open standard • Provides connectivity to the Internet • Provides robust WAN connectivity TCP/IP:

  8. TCP/IP Model

  9. TCP/IP Model TCP/IP defines a four layer model consisting of: • Network Access Layer • Internet Layer • Host-to-Host Layer • Application Layer

  10. Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 TCP/IP Model vs. OSI Model Application Layer Application/Process Presentation Layer Layer Session Layer Transport Host-to-Host Layer Layer Network Internet Layer Layer Data Link Network Access Layer Physical Layer Layer

  11. TCP/IP Utilities • File Transfer Utilities • Interactive Utilities • Printing Utilities • Troubleshooting Utilities

  12. File Transfer Utilities • FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) • transfer files to and from a computer running an FPT service. • TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) • connectionless file transfer protocol • command line system • required a TFTP server on the other host

  13. File Transfer Utilities • RCP (Remote Copy Protocol) • copies files between an NT computer and a remote system running RSHD(Remote Shell Daemon).

  14. Interactive Utilities • Internet Explorer • internet browser. • Telnet • connect to another system using terminal emulation.

  15. Printing Utilities • LPR (Line Printer Request) • output to the printer. • lpr -SServer -PPrinter [-CClass] [-JJobname] [-O option] filename • LPQ: read the status of a print queue on a remote system. • lpq -SSever -PPrinter [-l]

  16. Troubleshooting Utilities • Ping • Basic troubleshooting utility. • Check a connection between two machines. • Example: ping 38.249.127.100 Pinging 38.249.127.100 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 38.249.127.100: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128

  17. Troubleshooting Utilities • IPCONFIG: check all the appropriate configuration parameters are set up in the system. • Finger: check users running on the remote system. This is handy if you need to shut down a system remotely.

  18. Troubleshooting Utilities • TRACERT: traces the connection between a local and a target machine; does not require the target system’s IP address. • NSLookup: name service lookup for a specific computer or network domain.

  19. TCP/IP Softwares • Network Access Site 3.0 • PC-Xware 5.0 • TCP/IP V6.2

  20. Domain Name System (DNS) AND Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) Jeff Ho

  21. Domain Name System (DNS) • Principle designer of DNS was Dr. Paul Mockapetris • Set of protocols and services on a TCP/IP network which allow users to utilize hierarchical user-friendly names • Used extensively on the internet and in many private enterprises

  22. Overview of DNS • A DNS is composed of a distributed database of names which establish a logical tree structure called the domain name space. • Each node/domain in the domain name space is named and can contain subdomains. • The domain name identifies the domain’s position in the logical DNS hierarchy in relation to it’s parent domain by separating each branch of the tree with a period “.”.

  23. DNS Servers and the Internet • The root of the DNS database on the Internet is managed by the Internet Network Information Center (http://www.internic.com). • Top-level domains were assigned organizationally and by country. • Two-letter and three-letter abbreviations are used for countries, and various abbreviations are reserved for use by organizations.

  24. DNS Domain • com Commercial (microsoft.com) • edu Educational (mit.edu) • gov Government (whitehouse.gov) • int International (nato.int) • mil Military operations (army.mil) • net Networking organizations (nsf.net) • org Noncommercial organizations (fidonet.org)

  25. Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) • Part of the Microsoft Windows NT Server • Manages the association of workstation names and locations with Internet Protocol addresses (IP addresses)

  26. Overview of WINS • Automatically creates a computer name-IP address mapping entry in a table. • Automatically updates changes in the subnet in the WINS table. • Complements the NT Server’s DHCP, which negotiates an IP address for any computer when it is first defined on the network.

  27. Difference with DNS and WINS • DNS information for a particular domain is configured through static configuration files. WINS information database is built dynamically without human intervention. • WINS and DNS are used to resolve different types of services. DNS is used to resolve service types like HTTP. WINS name resolution is used to resolve names of NETBIOS services.

  28. DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP) IN WINDOWS NT ENVIRONMENT Rahmat Fazilat

  29. DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL • DHCP overview • How DHCP works • IP management • Management of DHCP data • Advantages

  30. DHCP OVERVIEW • Dynamic host configuration protocol, centralizes network configuration and automates address assignment, often on a leased basis. • DHCP is a way for network computers to get their TCP/IP setting at boot time from a central server • Enterprises with over 75 TCP/IP users will reap the benefits of DHCP server • With DHCP, you need to hard code only one IP address

  31. A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP SUPPORT DHCP CLIENT DHCP CLIENT NETWORK 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.1 DHCP CLIENT DHCP SERVER ROUTER WITH BOOTHP 129.0.0.2 129.0.0.1 NETWORK 129.0.0.0

  32. HOW DHCP WORKS • DHCP requires the use of a client and a server • DHCP clients sends out a broadcast “DHCP discover” • The DHCP server determines if they can provide configuration information for the client • The client selects one of the addresses and sends a request to use that address to the DHCP server • The DHCP server acknowledges the request and grants the client a lease to use the address “DHCP offer” • The client uses the address to bind itself to the network

  33. HOW DHCP WORKS • DHCP server reserves an IP address for specific duration • Lease renewal request are sent automatically • Defining short lease times assist networks that have limited quantity of IP addresses • If the DHCP client is turned off for the day, the DHCP server reclaims the IP address and puts it back in the IP pool

  34. IP MANAGEMENT OF DNS AND DHCP DATA

  35. DHCP ADVANTAGES • Eliminates TCP/IP configuration error • IP management solution will save more then 80% in the form of labor and maintenance costs • Centralized configuration management • Supports remote and mobile computers easily • Ease of administrative burden of moving machines • Increase efficiency of all network services • Improves flexibility

  36. The End

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