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Evolutionary Coalescence: Tracing Life Lineages Back in Time

Explore the process of coalescence in evolutionary biology, tracing lineages to common ancestors. Understand differences in organismal and molecular phylogenies, with insights into the last extant lineages. Discover ancestral connections from Y-chromosome Adam to Mitochondrial Eve.

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Evolutionary Coalescence: Tracing Life Lineages Back in Time

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  1. The Coral of Life (Darwin) ZHAXYBAYEVA and GOGARTEN (2004): Cladogenesis, Coalescence and the Evolution of the Three Domains of Life. Trends in Genetics 20 (4): 182- 187

  2. Coalescence – the process of tracing lineages backwards in time to their common ancestors. Every two extant lineages coalesce to their most recent common ancestor. Eventually, all lineages coalesce to the cenancestor. t/2 (Kingman, 1982) Illustration is from J. Felsenstein, “Inferring Phylogenies”, Sinauer, 2003

  3. Coalescence ofORGANISMALandMOLECULAR Lineages Time • 20 lineages • One extinction and one speciation event per generation • One horizontal transfer event once in 5 generations (I.e., speciation events) • RED: organismal lineages (no HGT) • BLUE: molecular lineages (with HGT) • GRAY: extinct lineages • RESULTS: • Most recent common ancestors are different for organismal and molecular phylogenies • Different coalescence times • Long coalescence time for the last two lineages

  4. EXTANT LINEAGES FOR THE SIMULATIONS OF 50 LINEAGES Modified from Zhaxybayeva and Gogarten (2004), TIGs 20, 182-187

  5. The Coral of Life (Darwin) ZHAXYBAYEVA and GOGARTEN (2004): Cladogenesis, Coalescence and the Evolution of the Three Domains of Life. Trends in Genetics 20 (4): 182- 187

  6. Y chromosome Adam Mitochondrial Eve Lived approximately 50,000 years ago Lived 166,000-249,000 years ago Cann, R.L. et al. (1987) Nature 325, 31-6 Vigilant, L. et al. (1991) Science 253, 1503-7 Thomson, R. et al. (2000) Proc NatlAcadSci U S A 97, 7360-5 Underhill, P.A. et al. (2000) Nat Genet 26, 358-61 Albrecht Dürer, The Fall of Man, 1504 Adam and Eve never met  The same is true for ancestral rRNAs, EF, ATPases!

  7. From: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/science/gains-in-dna-are-speeding-research-into-human-origins.html?_r=1

  8. For more discussion on archaic humans see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisova_hominin http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/science/gains-in-dna-are-speeding-research-into-human-origins.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711003958 http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/08/31/3580500.htm http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6052/94.full http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6052/94/F2.expansion.html

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