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The Coral of Life (Darwin)

The Coral of Life (Darwin). ZHAXYBAYEVA and GOGARTEN (2004): Cladogenesis , Coalescence and the Evolution of the Three Domains of Life. Trends in Genetics 20 (4): 182- 187.

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The Coral of Life (Darwin)

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  1. The Coral of Life (Darwin) ZHAXYBAYEVA and GOGARTEN (2004): Cladogenesis, Coalescence and the Evolution of the Three Domains of Life. Trends in Genetics 20 (4): 182- 187

  2. Coalescence – the process of tracing lineages backwards in time to their common ancestors. Every two extant lineages coalesce to their most recent common ancestor. Eventually, all lineages coalesce to the cenancestor. t/2 (Kingman, 1982) Illustration is from J. Felsenstein, “Inferring Phylogenies”, Sinauer, 2003

  3. Coalescence ofORGANISMALandMOLECULAR Lineages Time • 20 lineages • One extinction and one speciation event per generation • One horizontal transfer event once in 5 generations (I.e., speciation events) • RED: organismal lineages (no HGT) • BLUE: molecular lineages (with HGT) • GRAY: extinct lineages • RESULTS: • Most recent common ancestors are different for organismal and molecular phylogenies • Different coalescence times • Long coalescence time for the last two lineages

  4. EXTANT LINEAGES FOR THE SIMULATIONS OF 50 LINEAGES Modified from Zhaxybayeva and Gogarten (2004), TIGs 20, 182-187

  5. The Coral of Life (Darwin) ZHAXYBAYEVA and GOGARTEN (2004): Cladogenesis, Coalescence and the Evolution of the Three Domains of Life. Trends in Genetics 20 (4): 182- 187

  6. Y chromosome Adam Mitochondrial Eve Lived approximately 50,000 years ago Lived 166,000-249,000 years ago Cann, R.L. et al. (1987) Nature 325, 31-6 Vigilant, L. et al. (1991) Science 253, 1503-7 Thomson, R. et al. (2000) Proc NatlAcadSci U S A 97, 7360-5 Underhill, P.A. et al. (2000) Nat Genet 26, 358-61 Albrecht Dürer, The Fall of Man, 1504 Adam and Eve never met  The same is true for ancestral rRNAs, EF, ATPases!

  7. From: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/science/gains-in-dna-are-speeding-research-into-human-origins.html?_r=1

  8. For more discussion on archaic humans see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisova_hominin http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/science/gains-in-dna-are-speeding-research-into-human-origins.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711003958 http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/08/31/3580500.htm http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6052/94.full http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6052/94/F2.expansion.html

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