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Boris Khachaturov, Alexander Kozlov, Ilia Ravinovich and Itzhak Tserruya

HBD R&D at the WIS. Boris Khachaturov, Alexander Kozlov, Ilia Ravinovich and Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann Institute, Israel Mini Workshop on PHENIX upgrade plans, BNL Aug. 5-6, 2002. Outline. The HBD concept Goals of the R&D programme at the WI Set-up and Status Plans. HBD in PHENIX.

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Boris Khachaturov, Alexander Kozlov, Ilia Ravinovich and Itzhak Tserruya

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  1. HBD R&D at the WIS Boris Khachaturov, Alexander Kozlov, Ilia Ravinovich and Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann Institute, Israel • Mini Workshop on PHENIX upgrade plans, BNL Aug. 5-6, 2002 Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  2. Outline • The HBD concept • Goals of the R&D programme at the WI • Set-up and Status • Plans Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  3. HBD in PHENIX HBD HBD • Compensate magnetic • field with inner coil • (B=0 for r 50-60cm) • Compact HBD in the • inner region • Specifications • * Electron efficiency 90% • * Modest  rejection ~ 200 • * Double hit recognition 90% Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  4. Concept: • Windowless Cherenkov detector • Radiator and detector gas: CF4 • Large bandwidth and large Npe • Transmissive CsI photocathode • No photon feedback Detector Configuration Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  5. CsI photocathode QE The most attractive option: • Transmissive photocathode • Relatively high quantum efficiency Very large bandwidth: 6 – 11.5 eV Very large N0 940: 40 pe in a 50cm radiator Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  6. Novel Concept: • Windowless Cherenkov detector • Radiator and detector gas: CF4 • Large bandwidth and large Npe • Transmissive CsI photocathode • No photon feedback • No ring image as in RICH or in • proximity focus  blob image • Low granularity • Detector element: multi - GEM • High gain Detector Configuration Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  7. Detector configuration: granularity • Pads • Shape: hexagonal • Dimension: app. size of the blob (R=1.8cm) • 2000 pads to cover central arm acceptance • Threshold: defined by background Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  8. Main Goals of the R&D Programme • Demonstrate concept validity * Response to electrons and hadrons (Npe per electron and per mip) * CF4 scintillation * Demonstrate e-efficiency and double hit recognition. Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  9. CF4 radiator gas / Alternative C4F10 ? • CF4 scintillation parameters: • Peak at 163nm • 100-200 photons/MeV and dE/dx = 7keV/cm • 20-30% CsI Q.E.. • Results: • 0.007 ph/(MIP cm2) • 250 MIPs in one PHENIX arm • 10 cm2 size of the blob • Signal / noise > 10! • Shades reduce noise by a factor of 3 • Timing ? • CF4 scintillation is not a killing factor Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  10. Main Goals of the R&D Programme • Demonstrate concept validity * Response to electrons and hadrons (Npe per electron and per mip) * CF4 scintillation * Demonstrate e-efficiency and double hit recognition. • Generic Detector R&D * CsI / CF4 bandwidth * Gain in GEM * Aging of CsI and GEM in CF4 * Optimize Detector configuration: 3 GEM or 2GEM + MWPC? * dE/dx in CF4 • Monte Carlo simulations Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  11. Cosmic ray signals in Ar/CO2 Ar/CO2 70-30 • VGEM = 450 V • E d = 2.0 kV cm –1 • E t = 4.0 kV cm –1 • E i = 4.5 kV cm –1 S. Bachman et al. NIM 438A (1999) 376 S. Bachman et al. NIM 438A (1999) 376 S. Bachman et al. NIM 438A (1999) 376 Gain: 4 x 104 Mounting & working with GEM Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  12. CF4 + GEM + CsI work! Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  13. Setup: from the original sketch (end 2001)… Set up: • Detector: double GEM (10x10cm2) + PCB • Cosmic trigger: 3 layer plastic scintillators + Cherenkov counter (in near future) Electric scheme • Two HV power supplies for more flexibility • Cathode readout Cherenkov counter for high momentum muons (~min-1) Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  14. Setup: …to a more elaborated sketch (1.2002) … • Design almost complete • Manufacturing and order underway Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  15. Setup: … to the full design (2.2002) … Cherenkov cosmic ray trigger Cherenkov light reflected by 16 mirrors, in a pyramid arrangement, onto 4 large PM Mini HBD: CF4 radiator tank + Multi –Gem detector box Scintillators Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  16. Setup: … to real life (7.28.02) Cherenkov cosmic ray trigger Cherenkov light reflected by 16 mirrors in a pyramid arrangement onto 4 large PM Mini HBD: CF4 radiator tank + Multi –Gem detector box Scintillators Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  17. The mirror support Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  18. The mirrors mounted Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

  19. Status & plans: • Basic equipment to work with GEM is ready: • UV source, x-ray and alpha sources • Electronics, gas system, monochromator • Double GEM detector is working at the WIS in Ar/CO2 • Gain 4.5·104 achieved and is consistent with measured at CERN • CsI photocathodes routinely produced with reproducible results • Moving to CF4 within the next weeks. • Cosmic ray trigger • Procurement of parts and components completed (only CF4 radiator tank is missing) • Setting-up underway • Mini HBD • Procurement of parts and components almost completed (only CF4 radiator tank is missing) • Multi-GEM box ready. • Simulations • Optimize shade configuration to absorb scintillation • Granularity Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX Upgrade mini-Workshop

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