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Methodology

A Timeline of Teens and Technology Amanda Lenhart Policy & Advocacy in the Schools Meeting APA August 16, 2007 San Francisco, CA. Methodology. Random digit dial telephone surveys of 935 & 1100 teen/parent pairs Interviewed teens ages 12-17

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Methodology

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  1. A Timeline of Teens and TechnologyAmanda LenhartPolicy & Advocacy in the Schools MeetingAPAAugust 16, 2007San Francisco, CA

  2. Methodology • Random digit dial telephone surveys of 935 & 1100 teen/parent pairs • Interviewed teens ages 12-17 • Focus groups with middle & high schoolers, summer of 2004, 2006 & 2007 • Builds on teen/parents survey work done in 2000

  3. Internet Use Basics • 70% of American adults go online • 93% of American teens ages 12 to 17 use the internet • 87% of all parents online • 73% of all families have broadband @ home • 68% of online Americans have home broadband • 7% of teens do not use the internet

  4. Location: Where do teens go online? • 89% of online teens have access at home • 75% have internet access at school • 70% go online from a friend’s or relative’s house • 50% have gone online from a library • 9% go online from a community center or house of worship • 93% of online teens have multiple points of access—home AND school AND the library AND a friend’s house…

  5. Frequency of Use • 51% of online teens go online daily • 24% several times a day • 27% about once a day • 21% go online 3 to 5 days a week • 13% go online 1 to 2 days a week • 14% go online less often

  6. Broadband vs. Dialup Users • Teen broadband users go online more often and engage in a wider array of activities than dial up users • More dial up teens are likely to be low users (online less than 3 times a week)

  7. Circumstances of Internet Use • 90% of online teens share the computer with other family members • 73% of teens with home internet access use a computer in a public space in the home • 53% of teens use computers with filters • 45% use a computer with monitoring software • More 60% of parents report monitoring their child’s internet use, including setting rules about how long a child can go online

  8. Today’s Teen – Born 1990 Personal computers are 15 years old Tim Berners-Lee writes World Wide Web program

  9. Today’s Teen – First Grade 1996 Palm Pilot goes on the market

  10. J: romeo u there R: yo wassup J: nothin’, u? R: skool sucked 2day J: heard wylander got mad at u R: what a jerk i used purpl ink on the sci test and he got pissed he lookjs like jimminy crickt J: lol R: going to nicks party J: cant i’m grounded R: y J: cardoza called home, sez im failig Spanish btw my rents hate u R: mine hate u 2 J: my dads coming gtg R: k bye J: xoxoxoxo bye see u tmw R: xoxoxoxoxoxoxo gtg J: k

  11. Today’s Teen – Fourth Grade 1999 Sean Fanning creates Napster

  12. Today’s Teen – Starts Middle School 2001 Wikipedia - 2001

  13. Today’s Teen – Middle School 2001

  14. Cellphones – Middle school years • In 2004 – 45% online teens have a cellphone • In 2006, 66% of online teens have a cellphone • 68% of cellphone owners txt (2006)

  15. Today’s Teen – Middle School 2003 Skype - 2003

  16. Today’s Teen – Starts High School 2004 Podcasts – 2004

  17. Today’s Teen: Frosh Year 2004 Photosharing sites: Flickr Photobucket etc

  18. Today’s Teen – Sophomore Year 2005 YouTube – 2005

  19. Today’s Teen – Junior Year 2005-2006 The Year of MySpace: • More than 100 million accounts created • Third most popular site in the U.S. (after Yahoo and Google) • 55% of online teens use social networking sites • Of those who use social networking, 48% log on to the sites at least once a day or more

  20. Today - 2007 Avatar - based Persistent Social Worlds • Older Kids: Habbo Hotel, Gaia Online & Second Life • Younger Kids: Webkinz, Whyville, Club Penguin

  21. What’s not in our timeline? • Gaming – on-going. Oldest video gamers who grew up with it are entering their forties, so some of the younger kids have parents who game. • More than 2/3rds of online teens play computer or video games. • Email – “It’s for old people” • Mobility – gaming (DS, PSP), and now continuous presence applications – take social networks mobile • Twitter • Pownce etc etc etc • Teens don’t use these – yet.

  22. Social Networking Websites • “Online Social Networks are web spaces where individuals can post information about themselves, usually by creating a profile or website, and where they can connect with others in the same network.” • Two main elements to social networking that relate to its appeal to teens (and young adults) • Connecting and communicating with others • Content creation a.k.a. self-expression • 55% of online teens use social networking websites • 55% have a profile online

  23. SNS: Demographics • Girls, particularly older girls, more likely to use SNS than boys (70% of girls 15-17 have profile online, compared to 57% of boys 15-17) • Age is major factor • 12 & 13 year-olds; 37% have an online profile • 14 -17 year-olds; 63% have an online profile • Other demographic factors not significant • Income • Race/ethnicity

  24. Profiles: Switchboards for social life

  25. SNS: Gender and Behavior • Reinforcing pre-existing relationships (girls) • 91% stay in touch with friends they see a lot • 82% stay in touch with friends they rarely see in person • Meeting new people & flirting (boys) • 49% make new friends • more for boys, less for girls • 17% flirt • mostly older boys – 29% of them flirt vs. 13% of older girls

  26. All the world is not a stage... • 66% of all teens with profiles online have in some way restricted access to it – includes hiding it completely, taking it down, or making it private • 77% of profile-owning teens have a currently visible online profile • Of those with a visible profile, 59% say only their friends can see their profile. • 40% say anyone can see profile • 56% of teens with profiles say they have posted at least some fake information to their profile “I use a pseudonym, who is 24. Because I regard myself as an intellectual, it’s easier to be taken seriously if people don’t know they’re talking to a 16 year old.” - Boy, Late High School

  27. Tensions in SNS Use • Embodies tension in social networking sites • Teens want to stay safe • Want to connect with friends and with those with similar interests • People need to be able to find you to make new connections • Social networks ask for lots of personal information when you create a profile • Facilitates good and bad “findability”

  28. Online Safety & Harassment • 32% of online teens have been contacted online by a complete stranger. • Teens with SNS profiles are more likely to have been contacted. • Of teens who have been contacted, 23% say they were made scared or uncomfortable by the stranger contact. • Girls are more likely to report feeling scared or uncomfortable • 32% of online teens have experience some form of online harassment, also called cyberbullying • Threatening messages • Private material forwarded without permission • Someone posting an embarrassing picture of you online • Spreading a rumor about you online

  29. Teen Reality #1 Teens are technology-rich and enveloped by a wired world: • 83% of all teens say that “most” of the people they know use the internet • 10% say that “some” of the people they know use the internet. • Just 6% say that very few of the people they know use the internet.

  30. Teen Reality #2 Mobile gadgets allow them to enjoy media and communicate anywhere • 84% report owning at least one personal media device: a desktop or laptop computer, a cell phone or a Personal Digital Assistant • 63% of all teens own a cell phone

  31. Teen Reality #3 Teens know that ordinary citizens can be publishers, movie makers, artists, song creators, and storytellers 57% of online teens have created some kind of content for the internet

  32. Content Creation • 57% of online teens have created some kind of content online • Includes • Photos • Video • Writing, stories • Artwork • Songs, music • 19% have a blog • 38% read the blogs of others • 76% of social network-using teens leave comments on the blogs of friends • Self-expression and feedback

  33. Sharing Creative Work • 33% of online teens share their own creations online, such as artwork, photos, stories, or videos

  34. Bluegrass fiddler Nick Dumas: Age 16 "I'd be surprised if our band doesn't get noticed by some record company," Dumas says confidently. "People keep telling us, `You need to go to Nashville.‘”

  35. Working for Others • 32% have created or worked on webpages or blogs for others, including those for groups they belong to, friends or school assignments

  36. Jasmine Ta: Teen Journalist

  37. Personal Webpages • 22% report keeping their own personal webpage

  38. Creating a Blog • 19% of online teens have a blog • Teen bloggers: Older girls, frequent users • Do not update blogs frequently—largest group (less than a third) update the blog 1-2 times a week

  39. Teen Blog Readers • 38% of online teens read blogs • Teen blog readers: Higher SES, BBD/ tech-savvy home, older teens, girls & frequent users • Reading blogs: 15% read daily or more often • But 1/3rd read less often than every few weeks. • Two-thirds read only the blogs of people they already know. Another third read both the blogs of friends and strangers.

  40. Remixing • 19% of all online teens say they remix content they find online into their own artistic creations • 35% of teen bloggers remix content

  41. Teen Reality #4 Teens are multimedia multi-taskers: Multi-tasking is a way of life – and people live in a state of “continuous partial attention” --- Linda Stone

  42. Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

  43. Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

  44. Education • 94% of online youth use the Internet for school research; 78% say the Internet helps them with schoolwork. • 71% of online teens say that they used the Internet as the major source for their most recent major school project or report. • 41% of online teens say they use email and instant messaging to contact teachers or classmates about schoolwork. • 18% of online teens say they know of someone who has used the Internet to cheat on a paper or test.

  45. Libraries 2.0

  46. Impact and Implications • Those who have grown up with interactive media want to manipulate, remix, and share content. • They expect to be in conversation with others about content – access to an audience. • Increasingly savvy about what they share, particularly on SNS – protecting privacy • Social media is always-on, and persistent • But teens are still teens – the fundamentals of that time of life are still there

  47. What’s on the horizon? Convergence of major current trends • More persistent social worlds (Second Life, WOW) • More mobility (cellphones, laptops, DS/PSP) • More persistent, constant presence – Twitter, etc. • More avatar-based interactive spaces (Gaia, Habbo, SL) • All of these will come together as interactive and mobile and gaming spaces, all rolled into one. (Sony Home)

  48. Amanda Lenhart Pew Internet & American Life Project alenhart@pewinternet.org http://www.pewinternet.org Thank You

  49. Links • UNK & Fosse: http://youtube.com/watch?v=NIGbhPLZmjY • Diet Coke & Mentos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qw7ByxX0X8 • Digital Native Wiki: http://www.digitalnative.org/Main_Page • Pumpkin: http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=122568146 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzqumbhfxRo

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