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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم " وقل رب زدنى علما " صدق الله العظيم. Bacillary Haemoglobinuria. Under supervision of: Prof./ Sherein Saeid. bacillary haemoglobinuria :. Def:
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم " وقل رب زدنى علما " صدق الله العظيم
Under supervision of: Prof./ShereinSaeid
bacillary haemoglobinuria : Def: is an acute, infectious, toxemic disease caused byClostridiumhaemolyticum bacteriawhich is a soil borne bacterium that can survive a long time in contaminated soil or in bones of infected carcasses
Etiology : Ingestion of C. haemolyticum bacteria which is a soilborne organism naturally found in the GI tract of some cattle. accidental liver puncture, liver biopsy, or any other cause of localized necrosis.
*This disease is also seen in association with liver flukes. *It affects cattle and has also been found in sheep and rarely in dogs * it is a rapidlyfatal disease of cattle, sheep * Bacillaryhemoglobinuria is also called “Red WaterDisease” in western Canada.
Pathogenesis : Clostriduimhemolyticum in unsuitable condition it produces spores that can survive in the environment for a long time when cattle ingestfood contaminated with spores The spores penetrate the lining of the intestines spread to the blood stream and make their way to the liver They remain inactive until the liver is damaged by invading liverflukes which provides conditions suitable for growth
they startgrowing they release two toxins. The firstdestroys adjacent tissue which allows the bacteria to continue to grow. The second is released into the circulatingsystemdestroys the red blood cells causing discolored urine or “red water”. Red blood cell destruction also causes lack of oxygen to the body tissues and death of the animal.
Clinical signs : *Cattle may be found dead without premonitory signs. * there is a sudden onset of severedepression, fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, dysentery, and hemoglobinuria. *Anemia and jaundice are present in varying degrees. *Edema of the brisket may occur. *Hgb and RBC levels are quite low.
*The duration of clinical signs varies from ~12 hr in pregnant cows to ~3–4 days in other cattle. *Mortality in untreated animals is ~95%. *Some cattle suffer from subclinical attacks of the disease and thereafter act as immune carriers. *The incubation period of this disease is 7 – 10 days.
Macroscopically : 1- Dehydration, anemia, and subcutaneous edema are seen 2- There is bloody fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Respiratory tract : The lungs are not grossly affected the trachea contains bloody froth with hemorrhages in the mucosa.
Digestive tract : The small intestine and the large intestine are hemorrhagic their contents often contain free or clotted blood. An ischemic infarct in the liver is characteristic it is slightly elevated, lighter in color than the surrounding tissue, and outlined by a bluish red zone of congestion.
Urinary tract : The kidneys are dark, friable, and usually studded with petechiae. The bladder contains purplish red urine. Afterdeath, rigor mortis sets in quickly
DIAGNOSIS: Bacillary hemoglobinuria can be diagnosed by clinical signs and post mortem findings, but can be confirmed though lab tests by either isolating the bacteria from the liver (by culture, fluorescentantibody, or immunohistochemistry), or the toxin from in the liver or abdominal cavity fluid. Properdiagnosis is important as there are other diseases that may present similarly including; anaplasmosis, anthrax, brackenfernpoisoning, and leptospirosis
