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Obesity & Supplements The Fight Against Body Fat

Explore the growing epidemic of obesity in America, with 33% categorized as obese (BMI > 30), leading to obesity-related diseases and significant healthcare costs. Discover the booming industry of dietary supplements claiming weight loss benefits, including top ingredients like Green Tea, Caffeine, Guarana, Phenylethylamine, and Guggulsterones. Learn about the effects and mechanisms of these supplements on weight loss and overall health, and understand the lack of concrete evidence supporting their efficacy. Take home the message that supplements are not a magic solution and should be used to complement a healthy lifestyle of balanced diet and exercise.

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Obesity & Supplements The Fight Against Body Fat

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  1. Obesity & SupplementsThe Fight Against Body Fat • - Michael Dellogono -

  2. A Growing Epidemic • What is “Obese”? • BMI > 30 • 33% of America is obese

  3. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2010(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  4. GrowthMidsection to Wallet • Obesity Related Disease • Leading cause of death • Medial Cost • 2008 = $147 Billion!

  5. Industry Growth • 2006 - $22.5 Billion • 2009 - $26.9 Billion Dietary Supplements

  6. SupplementsWeight Loss or Profit ? Safe and Effective? - Massive weight loss claims - “Ripped” models - “Clinically Researched” The Asterisk *

  7. Top Ingredients • Green Tea • Caffeine • Guarna • Phenylethylamine • Guggulsterones

  8. Green Tea • One of worlds most commonly consumed beverages • Claims • Boosts immune system • Cancer fighting • Reduced Cardiovascular mortality (JAMA) • Improved Cognition

  9. Weight Loss • Green Tea vs Placebo • 24hrs - Respiratory Chamber • 50mg Caffeine • 90mg Green Tea • Green Tea : -8.2lbs/year! 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4.184 kilojoules (kJ) Abdul G Dulloo,Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040–5

  10. What’s Burning? • Placebo - Fat: 31.6% , CHO: 55.1% • Green Tea - Fat 41.5%, CHO: 45.2%

  11. Habitual Intake Habitual tea consumption = 434mL/d - 19.6% reduction in body fat - 2.1% reduction in waist to hip ratio

  12. Mechanism

  13. Caffeine 12% Elevation in metabolic rate is seen with caffeine 4mg/kg caffeine

  14. Increased Fat Utilization • FFA levels increased with caffeine supplementation ACHESON et alThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33: MAY 1980, pp. 989-997. Printed in U.S

  15. Guarana • Native Plant of Amazon Basin • Primarily used as stimulant • Commonly found in energy drinks

  16. Guarana - Habitual intake • Disease Impact • Decreased hypertension • Obesity • Metabolic Syndrome • 2.5-5% Caffeine: Coffee bean 1-2%

  17. Guarana & Cognition • Cognitive Drug Research assessment • 75mg Guarana • Speed of Attention • Speed of memory • Secondary memory factor D.O. Kennedy et al. / Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 79 (2004) 401–411

  18. Guarna for Weight Loss • Increased time to fatigue in mice - caffeine? • Associated with lower prevalence of disease • Hypertension, metabolic disease, obesity • More data needed as weight loss supplement

  19. Phenylethylamine • Monoamine Neurotransmitter • Resembles amphetamine • Potentiates neuronal response • High amounts in chocolate

  20. Phenylethylamine • Low levels with depression • Modulates release of NE and dopamine • weight control? • Increased with aerobic exercise • “Runners High”

  21. Guggulsterone • Traditional medicine most common in India • Used for arthritis, inflammation, obesity, lipid metabolism

  22. Gugglesterone • HDL decreased - LDL increased! NO CHANGE IN WEIGHT! Philippe O. Szapary, MD, Guggulipid for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia A Randomized Controlled Trial, JAMA, August 13, 2003—Vol 290, No. 6

  23. Current Research! • April issue of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism • Is there evidence?

  24. 4 Categories • Absorption Blockers: CHO and Fat • Stimulants: Increased Metabolism • Nutrient Partitioning • Appetite Suppressants

  25. Absorption Blockers

  26. Stimulants: Increased Metabolism

  27. Nutrient Partitioning

  28. Appetite Suppressants

  29. Article Conclusion • “Currently, there is no strong body of research evidence indicating that one specific supplement will produce significant weight loss (~2–4 kg), especially in the long term. A number of supplements such as green tea, fiber, and low-fat dairy products may complement a healthy lifestyle to prevent weight gain over time.” • Manore, Melinda. "Dietary Supplements for Improving Body Composition and Reducing Body Weight: Where Is the Evidence?"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22. (2012): 139-154. Print.

  30. Take Home Message • Their is no magic pill! • Supplements are just that • They supplement good diet and exercise • Question big claims! • Most supplements need more research! • Understand what you are taking! • More is not necessarily better!

  31. Supplement Industry • More research needed! • Novel ideas needed! • Effectiveness over profit!

  32. QUESTIONS

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