Table of Contents

1. Table of Contents LESSON 1: THE COMING OF THE SPANIARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES LESSON 2: THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE PHILIPPINES LESSON 3: SPAIN'S LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS IN THE PHILIPPINES LESSON 4: EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME AND ITS COLONIAL EFFECTS TO THE FILIPINOS LESSON 5: SPANISH INFLUENCES TO PHILIPPINES CULTURE LESSON 6: THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT LESSON 7: THE AWAKENING

2. Table of Contents • LESSON 8: MOVEMENT OF THE FILIPINO HEROES • LESSON 9: KATIPUNAN AND THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION • LESSON 10: THE FILIPINO HEROES

3. LESSON 1: THE COMING OF THE SPANIARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES SOCIAL STUDIES

4. Renaissance Age or Rebirth Period • 15th and 16th century • is also called the period of discovery • In Europe, the basis for the power of a country was on the number of its colonies. • Colony is a country that is under the governance of a foreign country. • There is a competition of colonies between 2 catholic countries - Spain and Portugal. • How did the conflict between Spain and Portugal Started? • Portugal colonize certain countries in the East while Spain discovered New World or America. This expansion of territory became the cause of the conflict between Portugal and Spain.

5. Papal Bull (Papal bulletin) • May 3, 1943 • Pope Alexander VI tried to solve the conflict between Portugal and Spain. • Spain is allowed to colonize West and Portugal is allowed to colonize East • September 25, 1943 • Pope Alexander VI cancelled this decree and allowed Spain to colonize East. • Portugal resisted • Spain insisted they owned the Moluccas. But decided to sell the Moluccas island under the Zaragoza Agreement.

6. A summary • Papal Bull of May 3, 1493 and of September 25, 1493 • In May 3, 1493 Pope alexander VI tried to solve the conflict between Portugal and Spain by sending out Papa Bull whereby Spain is allowed to colonize West and Portugal is allowed to colonize East. But on September 25, 1493 the pope cancelled this decree and allowed Spain to colonize East. • The Zaragoza Agreement • Spain sold the Moluccas Island to the Portugal.

7. Ferdinand Magellan • Is a Portuguese • He discovered Philippines • How did he discovered Philippines? • After his travel to India, he told King Emmanuel I of Portugal that the East could be reached through the western direction.But the king didn't believe him. • He opened the idea to King Carlos I of Spain and believed him. • He was given 5 ships and 265 people.

8. A Summary • Why did Magellan approached Spain regarding his plans and request? • because King Emmanuel I of Portugal didn't believe him. • What are the hardships and challenges that Magellan's group experienced during their travel? • He and his men went through too much cold, strong winds and giant waves, hunger and conflicts and misunderstanding • Why is important to take note of Magellan's discovery of the Philippines? • Because it is when Philippines were colonized by Spain and many Filipinos converted into Catholic religions and Magellan gave Queen Juana the image ofthe Holy Child Jesus.

9. The Discovery of the Philippines • March 16, 1521 • Island of Samar named Homonhon • Interpreter between foreigner and locals is Enrique de Malacca • March 25, 1521 • Reached Limasawa • Blood compact (Sanduguan) between Magellan and Rajah Kulambu • March 31, 1521 • first mass was held in Masao, Butuan • Father Pedro Valderama celebrated the mass • Big cross was set firmly in this place after the Holy Mass. The Spaniards told the natives that the cross would protect them from thunder and lightning. • Magellan declared the Philippines a colony of Spain. • He called the Philippines - Archipelago de san Lazaro then later changed it to Las Islas Filipinas to honor Prince Felipe.

10. April 14,1521 • Magellan with the help of Rajah Kulambu reached Cebu • First mass celebrated in Cebu • Leader of Cebu was Rajah Humabon and his wife became converts in the Catholic religion. • Magellan gave Queen Juana the image of the Holy Child Jesus - the Sto. Nino • April 27, 1521 • Magellan attacked Mactan and was killed by Lapu-lapu. • Only one ship returned to Spain, Victoria, led by Sebastian del Cano. Only 18 survived. • Spaniards went back to Cebu and chose new leaders - Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrano. • They were killed by Rajah Humabon and his men.

11. Significance of Magellan's Expedition • Magellan was given the honor of being the first man to circumnavigate the world with two journeys. • Magellan proved that the world is round. • Sebastian del Cano was given the distinction of having circumnavigated the world in a single journey. • Cebu was the first Christian province in the country. • The Battle of Mactan was the first battle of the natives agains foreign colonizers.

12. Magellan Expedition • Magellan saw Samar • Magellan reached Homonhon • Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah Kulambu • The first mass was celebrated • The battle of Mactan

13. Other Expeditions • Expedition of Loaisa • Cabot's travel • Journey of Saavedra • Villalobo's journey • Expedition of Legazpi

14. A Summary • When the Turks captured Constantinopole, the three routes that were used for commerce were closed. • A country is a colony if it is under a foreign rule. • When Pope Alexander VI divided the world, the west was for Spain, and east was for Portugal • King Carlos I of Spain launched Magellan's expedition. • The return of Marianas to Spain started many expeditions. • The natives in the island of Guam which was also called Isla delos Landrones were called Chamorro • Magellan saw a very tall mountain in Samar on March 16, 1521 • As a sign of friendship and brotherhood, Magellan and Rajah Kulambu had a Blood Compact/Sanduguan • The first catholic mass was celebrtaed in Limasawa on March 31, 1521 • The name "Philippine Islands" originated from "Las Islas Filipinas", a name in honor of the Price Philip

15. A Summary • The name "Philippine Islands" originated from "Las Islas Filipinas", a name in honor of the ? • Prince Philip later King Philipi of Spain • The first Catholic mass celebrated in ? on March 31, 1521 • Limasawa • As a sign of friendship and brotherhood, Magellan and Rajh Kulambu had a ? • blood compact • Magellan saw a very tall mountain in ? on March 16, 1521 • Samar • The natives in the island of guam which was also called Isla delos Ladrones were called ? • Chamorro • The return of ? to Spain launched Magellan's expeditions • Marianas • King ? of Spain launched Magellan's expedition • King Carlos I • When Pope Alexander VI divided the world, the west was for Spain and east was for ? • Portugal

16. A Summary • A country is a ? if it is under a foreign rule • colony • When the Turks captured ?, the three routes that were used for commerce were closed • Constantinople • Pope Alexander VI sent the ? to solve the growing conflict betweent the two Catholic countries • Papal Bull/Papal bulletin • The first mass in Cebu was held on ? • April 14, 1521 • ? was given the distinction of having circumnavigated the world in a single journey • Sebastian del Cano • The ? is one of the important discoveries of Magellan for Spain • Philippines • The ? was the first battle of the natives against foreign colonizers • Battle of Mactan

17. Why did the Spaniards wants to colonize Philippines? • to increase the number of colonies they want to acquire • to open new business markets • to take advantage of the natural resources

18. LESSON 2: THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE PHILIPPINES SOCIAL STUDIES

19. The colonization of the Philippines • Philip II became the King of Spain in 1556 and he has great desire to colonize the Philippines because it was named after him. • November 21, 1564 • The expedition began to colonize the Philippines, to spread Christianity and to look for the route going back to Mexico. • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi headed the journey. • Fr. Andres Urdaneta, Augustinian friar joined the journey. He was the chief of navigation and spiritual adviser • February 13, 1565 • They reached Cebu but went straight to Leyte • Datu Kamuhatan met them and they were brought to Limasawa • Datu Bangkaw, the leader in Limasawa, welcomed them • Then they went to Bohol where they were met by Datu Sikatuna, the leader in Bohol • Sikatuna and Legazpi had a blood compact

20. Spanish Government in Cebu • Legazpi established the government in Cebu • 1570 • Manila was conquered by the Spaniards • Legazpi transferrred the capital from Cebu to Manila on June 21, 1571 • He declared Cebu the province of the Holy Name of Jesus

21. Spain colonize Philippines and spread Christianity with the help of the Spanish missionaries • The cross symbolize christianity and the start of the merging of the state and the church • The church and the state worked together in managing the community • The church were most powerful than the civilians who served the state • The Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, Benedictines, Recolletos were among the first missionaires who came to the Philippines • Christianity is the most important legacy of the Spaniards to the Philippines • Catholicism was declared the official religion in the Philippines

22. The Abuse of the Parish Priest and Friars • they accepted lands as gifts from the rich people in the community in exchange of the favors asked from them. • they confiscated lands of those who could not pay taxes and those whose lands were pawned. • they imprisoned governors • Archbishop Pardo punished Gov Juan de Vargas • Priest named Sebastian de Totanes killed Gov Fernando Manuel

23. A Summary • The first friar who requested the King of spain that they be permitted to own lands in the Philippines • Bishop Domingo de Salazar • The first Governor-General who complained to the King of Spain about the abuses committed by the friars • Governor General Dasmarinas • The leader of the longest revolt of the country against Spaniards • Dagohoy

24. A Summary • The Philippines was completely conquered through • The introduction of Christianity • The first group of missionaries who arrived in the Philippines was • The Agustinians • The first province that was declared as the capital of the Philippines by Legazpi was • Manila • The prayer which the Filipinos learned to say every 12 noon and 6 in the evening is • The Angelus • The Spanish priests were sent for expeditions for the purpose of • evangelization

25. A Summary • The spiritual adviser of Legazpi • Fr. Andres Urdaneta • The King of Spain who launched the Legazpi expedition • King Philip II • The king of Bohol who had a blood compact with Legazpi • Sikatuna • He established the Cebu and Manila communities • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi • The King of Cebu • Tupaz • He helped Legazpi in conquering Manila • Martin de Goiti • The governor who ordered that the natives should change their family names with Spanish surnames • Gov Gen Narciso Claveria Y Aldua

26. A Summary • The most significant heritage the Spaniards have ever given to the Filipinos • Christianity • It is a shield at all times • prayer • They perform other tasks aside from church work • parish priest/friar • The name Philippines was taken from his name • Philip II • He is the chief of the navigation and spiritual adviser • Andres Urdaneta • He established the government in Cebu • Legazpi • The place where Datu Kamuhatan brought the Spanish colonizers • Limasawa

27. A Summary • He is the one in authority of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Pangasinan • Martin de Goiti • The adviser of the archbishops and the bishops • governor general • They are the first missionary in the Philippines • Augustinians • Declared as the official religion in the Philippines • Catholicism • He punished to death of Gov Juan de Vargas • Archbishop Pardo • He requested the changed of the land ownership • Bishop Domingo de Salazar • A revolt which considered the longest Philippine history • Dagohoy's revolt • This was celebrated in different towns in honor of the vernated patron saints • fiestas

28. Who are the six missionaries first came here in the Philippines? • Augustinians • Franciscans • Jesuits • Dominicans • Benedictines • Recolletos

29. What are the three orders King Philip II of Spain gave to Legazpi? • to colonize the Philippines • to spread Christianity • to look for the route going back to Mexico

30. What is Christianity? • Christianity is the most important legacy of the Spaniards in the Philippines

31. LESSON 3: SPAIN'S LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS IN THE PHILIPPINES SOCIAL STUDIES

32. LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS • Encomienda System • It envisioned to improve the country’s economy failed to accomplish its objective because of the encomenderos. • In the encomienda system, the land is to be taken cared of and not owned by the encomenderos. • Polo or Forced Labor • One of the by-laws of the Spaniards that men ages 16 to 60 were forced to work. • Men from ages 16 to 60 were forced to work for 40 days a year by the Spaniards. • polistas worked on road and bridge constructions, church buildings, ship constructions • Falla is a very large amount of money collected to those who don’t want to be a polistas. • Kasama System • It paved the way in the confiscation of the vast lands of the Filipinos by the Spaniards. • Tribute • It is the collected tax from the people to sustain the Spanish government. • was later changed to cedula • Galleon Trade • occured in large sailing ships that contained goods from the Philippines, Spain and Mexico • Bandala • It is a system worsened the life of the Filipinos.

33. Other Programs to improve the economic condition established by Jose Basco • The Royal Company of the Philippines • They took charge of the marketing products between Mexico and the Philippines. • The Welfare Programs ofJose Basco • livelihood programs • Obras Pias • An institution that lends money with interest charged. • The Tobacco Monopoly • planting of tobacco • It increased the Spanish colonial power at the expense of the peoples’ living condition. • Filipino families were required to plant 40,000 tobacco crops in one year. The Banks and the Business Establishments • first bank of the Philippines was the Banco Rodriguez in 1830 • Communication and Transportation • first lighthouse in Pasig River was built in 1846 • tranvia was introduced to the public in 1893 • The ship was a chest of treasures containing imported goods worth millions from the East. • The first telephone communications arrived in Manila in 1890.

34. A Summary • Agriculture was improved during the Spanish regime because the Spaniards • enforced the planting of coconut and abacus • In those days, the sound of the bell meant • the arrival of the Galleon trade • The Spaniards did not expand the Philippine industry, as it might • enlarge the assets of the Filipinos • The progress on the lives of the Filipinos under Spanish ruling was slow because • religion interested the Filipinos more • Expresses the ideas of showing progress in the line of communication • people exchanged ideas • narrowed the gap in foreign relations • fast stabilization of the economy

35. How did the Spanish laws affect the Filipinos? Because of the many abuses and exploitation committed by the Spanish leaders, the Filipino were finally awakened. Revolutionaries coming from different regions of the country attacked the Spanish government.

36. LESSON 4: EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME AND ITS COLONIAL EFFECTS TO THE FILIPINOS SOCIAL STUDIES

37. Education System during Spanish Regime • The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times. • The students in the primary level were taught the Doctrina Cristiana • The colegio was equivalent to a university education during the Spanish regime. • The Dominicans made a name as they established one of the best universities in the Philippines. • The beaterio was meant for orphaned girls who could not afford to educate themselves. • The friars believed that for the Filipinos to learn fast, they should impose the strict discipline which means applying corporal punishment. • The friars were effective in evangelizing the Catholic religionto the Filipinos. • The ilustrados are the well educated Filipinos during the Spanish regime. • The educational system of the Philippines during the Spanish times was formal

38. Education System during Spanish Regime • The schools established were taken cared of by religious congregation • In the beginning, Philippine education was limited to the Spaniards living in the Philippines • Latin was given more emphasis in language teaching, instead of Spanish • The Augustinian was the first missionary order that established the first school in Cebu 1565 • The Beaterio are schools for orphaned girls and the deprived. • The Dominicans established San Juan de Letran • The College is equivalent to a university during the Spanish times. • The teaching of Religion is the most important subject from the primary to the tertiary level of education • Colegio de Santa Potenciana is the first college for girls that was established in 1589 • The ilustrados are the wealthy and educated Filipinos

39. Schools built by the Spaniards • The Augustinians built the first school in the Philippines situated in Cebu in 1565 • The first college school for the boys was the Colegio de San Ignacio in Manila 1589 • The Colegio de Santa Potenciana was the first school and college for girls. • The Ateneo de Municipal which is now the famous Ateneo de Manila University • The Escuela Pia was entrusted by the government to the Jesuits.

40. Why were the schools of the boys and girls separated? Give at least 3 reasons. • separating them will allow teachers to tailor their lessons; • students achieve and learn better in single sex schools; and •  boys won’t misbehave as much because they will no longer be trying to impress the girls, and girls will be more likely to speak up in class because they won’t be afraid to look smart in front of the boys.

41. Schools for Boys and Girls

42. Why education is important today? • Education is very important because you will not get a good job with high salary if you do not finish college and earn a degree.

43. LESSON 5: SPANISH INFLUENCES TO PHILIPPINES CULTURE SOCIAL STUDIES

44. Spanish Culture Influences • Fiestas it is a celebration in commemoration of the venerated patron saints in the barangay, town and cities. • Zarzuela an example of stage play which is the forerunner of our modern-day musical stage plays. • Pasyon it the longest lyric on the sufferings and death of Jesus which until now is usually sung in churches, processions and in the houses of the provinces during the Holy Week. • Cenaculo a stage drama about the sufferings and death of Jesus Christ.

45. Comedia a light play with a happy ending. • moro-moro a blood-and-thunder drama depicting the fight between the Christians and the Muslims. • Flores de Mayo One of the observed celebrations by the Catholics • Lent Season other celebrations being observed up to now by the catholics

46. The Social Class • The Spaniards who were born in Spain but settled in the Philippines were called peninsulares • The Spaniards who were born in the Philippines are called insulares • The caciques were caretakers of big tracks of lands owned by the rich Spanish. • ilustrado • The natives are called indio • Massesis composed of the majority of the Filipinos who were either helpers of the rich, farmers, or the factory workers. • The creoles were half-Spanish and half-Filipino. • The most appealing and a welcome sight was the azotea where visitors were usually welcomed and entertained.

47. Important Persons • The national anthem, Lupang Hinirang was composed by Julian Felipe, is notable person in music • Juan Luna, is notable person in painting • Francisco Balagtas, is notable person in play • Jose dela Cruz, is notable person in play • Dolores Paterno, is notable person in music • Anacleto V. del Rosario, is notable person in science (chemistry) • Leon Ma. Guerrero, is notable person in science (medicine) • Jose Rizal, is notable person in science • Padre Diego Cerra, is notable person in music • Mariano V. del Rosario, is notable person in science (medicine)

48. Concept and Category • Play • Moro-moro, Cenaculo, Zarzuela • Social Classes • Peninsulares, Creoles, Insulares • Mode of Food • Chocolate, Coffee, Wine • Fiestas and Entertainment • Santacruzan, Flores de Mayo, Todos Los Santos • Dances • Pandanggo, Carinosa, La Jota • Silver Wares • Spoon, Plate, Cup

49. Mode of Food • Corn, Potato, Cocoa • Entertainment • Juego de Prenda, Juego de Anillo, Cock fighting • Musical Instruments • Violin, Harp, Flute • Mode of Dressing • Hat, Pants, Shirt

50. LESSON 6: THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT SOCIAL STUDIES