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Discover how data from public budgets, household surveys, and international comparisons can shape policies and improve government accountability and budget transparency. Explore the power of statistics in highlighting policy responsiveness and addressing child poverty issues. Learn about challenges in using data effectively for policy-making.
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1. Data from public budgets • Public expenditures and revenues are telling a lot about policy (and government efficiency) • Accountability • Budget transparency • Allocative efficiency
Public Financial Management Fiscal Discipline (gov’t budget balance) Tax & aid policy (revenue planning) Allocative Efficiency (public expenditureplanning) Operational efficiency (implementation)
2. Data from Household Surveys • Descriptive statistics – together they can be powerful • Focus on the big picture of “issues and policy responsiveness” • Can be used for highlighting vicious and virtuous policy cycles (multidimensional model of child poverty) • Exploring causality with multivariate statistics • What is the role of certain factors (e.g. parental education) in child outcomes • Why certain policies work or do not work
Percentage of children experiencing severe deprivations in East Asia Source: MICS/direct communication with Bristol University
Income poverty dynamics in the Maldives, 1997, 2004 and 2005 Income Poverty Dynamics Source: Dr. Fuwad Thowfeek, Statistics Maldives
Intergenerational income mobility: your father earns 100 per cent more than mine - what per cent impact will that alone have on our earning differences? Source: Dr Miles Corak Statistics Canada
MATERIALLY POOR POOR HEALTH OUTCOME 1.3% 2.9% 7.3% 11.8% 20.2% 17.9% NOT ATTEDING PRE-SCHOOL 15.8% are not poor, have access to preschool, clean water and are in good health 22.7% Albania: % of children 3-5 yrs old materially poor with poor nutritional outcomes and not attending pre-school – Venn diagrams Multidimensional child poverty concepts broaden policy focus Source: 2002 LSMS. Note: Total number of children 450. Angela Baschieri and Jane Falkingham (University of Southampton)
Anthropometric failure and breastfeeding practices in Tajikistan Nutritional status by breastfeeding pattern for children less than 18 months Source: MICS 2005 and Baschieri and Falkingham, 2007
Breastfeeding practices • Most women in Tajikistan stop exclusively breastfeeding and switch to a mix feeding pattern relatively early • Amongst children aged 6-23 months under 5 percent are either ‘exclusively’ or ‘almost exclusively’ breastfed. • As a result many children are exposed to the risk of poor nutrition and associated adverse developmental consequences.
Is family land ownership an effective policy against child malnutrition?(results of multivariate analysis) • We control for children age (months), region, mother education, wealth quintile, ethnicity, sanitation, household access to land, ownership of livestock • We found that children living in a households with access to land have higher probability of being underweight that those without access to land
3. International comparisons • Can be helpful for “big policy ideas” • Highlighting policy coherence and/or policy efficiency • Can stimulate policy transfer • Advocacy value
Challenges in using statistics to inform policy • Existing concepts, data and availability • Sensitivity analysis, robustness • child focus • thresholds • economy of scale/equivalence of scale (income data) • Design causal analysis: Need hypotheses plus data to test them • Overlaps of income and non-income dimension: limitation
