Unit 6: Conflict and Change A study in the uses and abuses of power CRUSADES Lesson #6

1. Unit 6: Conflict and ChangeA study in the uses and abuses of powerCRUSADES Lesson #6 Essential Question: Why is there conflict? How can conflict bring two societies closer together? Is it in human nature to dominate? Can one person make a difference? Is one person’s freedom fighter another person’s terrorist? Is fighting ever justified?

2. WARM-UPWhat’s going on in this image? What do you see that makes you say that?...…what more can you find?

3. Political Developments in England VOCABULARY: Magna Carta: a written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch’s power Habeas Corpus: the legal concept that an accused person cannot be jailed indefinitely without being charged with a crime. Model Parliament: a governing body created by King Edward I of England that included some commoners, church officials and nobles. • Henry II made reforms, which strengthened English common law and the role of judges and juries. • The Magna Carta established the idea of rights and liberties that even a monarch cannot violate. It stated that monarchs should rule with the advice of the governed. • Edward I’s model parliament gave a voice in government to common people, as well as to nobles.

4. Primary Source Document:Magna Carta • READ through the part of the Magna Carta • ANNOTATE (talk to) the text and answer questions • SHARE OUT how the Magna Carta changed the political lens of Europe/England

5. Simulation: Black Plague • Each student will stand at his/her desk. • Close your eyes • Imagine you are walking down the street – there is a lot of trash, housing is dirty, people don’t bath often and rodents and fleas surround your dirty body… • Each student will be given a sheet of paper

6. Simulation: Black Plague Round 1: Open your eye only for a moment to look at the paper – does the paper have a black dot? • If you do NOT a black dot then your do NOT have the plague – you are healthy. • If you do have the black dot then you have the plague – you will live one more round and then die (sit down) CLOSE YOUR EYES AGAIN

7. Simulation: Black Plague Round 2: Turn one desk to your right, does someone have the plague? If he/she does, then now you have the plague. • If your partner does NOT have the plague you are healthy. • If your partner does have the plague, then you will live for one more round. • End of Round 2: if you had the plague in the first round, then take a seat because you have unfortunately been killed by the plague. CLOSE YOUR EYES

8. Simulation: Black Plague Round 3: Turn one desk to your left, does someone have the plague? If he/she does, then now you have the plague. • If your partner does NOT have the plague you are healthy. • If your partner does have the plague, then you will live for one more round. • End of Round 3: if your first partner had the plague, then take a seat because you have unfortunately been killed by the plague.

9. Simulation: Black Plague Who is left standing? Congratulations! You survived the Black Plague How many people survived the plagues? Discuss: Why do you think it was called the Black Death?

10. Bubonic Plague“Black Death” VOCABULARY: Bubonic Plague: a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; also called the Black Death • Symptoms (signs): fever, vomiting, fierce coughing, sneezing, sweating, black and blue swellings. • Cause: dirty conditions, bacteria of the disease carried by fleas that feed on blood of infected rodents. • Killed about 1/3 of the population in Europe (about 24 million Europeans die) and people in Asia (1/2 Chinese population killed by plague and famine) • Trade and commerce slowed. After the plague, the need for workers to rebuild Europe led to a shift in power from feudal lords to the common people. Workers were able to demand more money because they were in demand. • Peasants and serfs leave the estates for jobs in towns and cities. Peasant rebellions broke out. Peasant War in 1381 bring demands to King Richard II. Nobles tried to return to the way things were, but they couldn’t. End of feudalism

11. What’s going on in this image?

12. Hundred Years War 1337-1435 VOCABULARY: Hundred Years War: a series of Battles fought between France and England from 1337 to 1435. • English monarchs claimed lands in France, but French disagreed with their claim to land. • English won in the beginning, but then French fought back with increased pride. Joan of Arc inspired the French to fight. • The war led to a rise in national pride and identity in both countries and united people with patriotism for their monarch and country. • Monarchs become symbol of the country and gain power. (Nobles less of an influence) • Peasants and commoners: forced to fight and pay more taxes (Knights less of an influence) • At end of the war: survivors were needed, so no matter your class you gain influence and power

13. The Trials of Joan of Arc • Textbook p. 58 • As a class, READ the biography of Joan of Arc • DISCUSS with a partner • How did Joan’s extraordinary life show that new ways were about to replace old traditions in Europe? • SHARE OUT as a class • How did Joan’s extraordinary life show that new ways were about to replace old traditions in Europe?

14. Journal Reflection • Answer ALL of the following questions: • How would you define the Middle Ages as an Era? The Middle Ages was a time when….happened. • How did the Middle Ages come to an end?

15. Homework Graphic organizer for thematic essay – Why is there conflict? Is conflict ever justified? Use the Crusades as evidence.