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Linux GUI

Linux GUI. Chapter 5. Graphical User Interface. GUI vs. CLI Easier and more intuitive More popular and advanced Needed for graphics, web browsing Linux GUI advanced features not always stable on every hardware X Windows System Basis of Linux GUI For UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, etc.

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Linux GUI

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  1. Linux GUI • Chapter 5

  2. Graphical User Interface • GUI vs. CLI • Easier and more intuitive • More popular and advanced • Needed for graphics, web browsing • Linux GUI • advanced features • not always stable on every hardware • X Windows System • Basis of Linux GUI • For UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, etc.

  3. X - Introduction • Developed by MIT and DEC in 1994 • Commercial and free versions • Free version for Linux: XFree86, X.Org • Based on Client-Server model • X Server • Runs on your machine • Responsible for handling graphics • X Clients • Software that needs to display on screen • Sends request to X server for display • Client and servers maybe on different machines • need a network or Internet connection in between

  4. Hardware requirements • Support depends on your video (graphics) card • Most major cards are supported • x.org, xfree86.org for current support • Best to use a popular video card • Nvidia or ATI • Integrated • At least 32 MB video memory

  5. XFree86, Xorg • Free implementation of X Window System on Linux • Usually installed by default • If not started after boot, startx on command line • Only one per computer • Configure by editing file • /etc/X11/XF86Config, /etc/X11/xorg.conf • If problem persists, unstable • logout • Ctrl-Alt-Backspace • Reboot (Ctrl-Alt-Delete)

  6. Window Manager • An X Client itself • Sits above X server to manage windows • WM manages applications within windows • manages window positions • window movements, opening, closing • Examples: fvwm, Enlightenment, Afterstep, Blackbox • Not very useful without a Desktop Manager / Desktop Environment

  7. Desktop Manager • Built on top of a Window Manager • Adds functionalities to a WM • Provides advanced and consistent GUI to user • Provides • A WM (of course) • A file browser • Configuration utilities • Desktop • Network • Security • Session management (login, logout, restart) • Applications • Graphics • Text Editors • Games • Office Suites

  8. Components of a GUI

  9. GNOME • GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME) • http://www.gnome.org • Started in 1999 • Provides a uniform desktop environment • Can work with many window managers • Sawfish • Metacity • More ‘eye-candy’ than KDE • less advanced • slightly less stable • Highly configurable • Accessible

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