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The Civil Rights Movement. 1865 - 1965. Dred Scott vs Sanford. Post Civil War Amendments. 13 th Amendment – Made Slavery Illegal 14 th Amendment – African Americans were granted citizenship 15 th Amendment – African Americans were given the right to vote. Sharecropping. ½ Crop – Keep
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The Civil Rights Movement 1865 - 1965
Post Civil War Amendments • 13th Amendment– Made Slavery Illegal • 14thAmendment– African Americans were granted citizenship • 15th Amendment– African Americans were given the right to vote
Sharecropping ½ Crop – Keep ½ Crop – Owed
The Right To Vote • Poll Tax • Literacy Tests • Grandfather Clause • Klu Klux Klan
Segregation • Jim Crow Laws – laws that enforced racial segregation in the South
Plessy vs Ferguson • On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy, a 30-year-old shoemaker, boarded a passenger train of the East Louisiana Railway and took a seat in the "white" railcar. When he refused a conductor's orders to move to the "colored" railcar, Plessy was forcibly removed and jailed. • Plessy argued that the Louisiana law violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Separate but… …unequal
BREAKING THE COLOR BARRIERJackie Robinson • April 15, 1947The grandson of a slave, Jackie Robinson joins the Brooklyn Dodgers as a rookie and becomes the first African American to play major league baseball. Though he faces bigotry from both baseball fans and players, Robinson wields his phenomenal skills on the field and emerges as a star. He ultimately leads the Dodgers to six National League pennants and one World Series in 1955. His thrilling achievements inspire future black athletes in other sports.
Fighting Segregation in Court Brown Vs. Board of Ed. • May 17, 1954In its ruling on Oliver Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the U.S. Supreme Court overthrows the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. This abolishes the principle of "separate but equal" in America's schools and clears the path for desegregation nationwide • SEPERATE IS NOT EQUAL
MURDER SHOCKS THE NATION • August 28, 1955The brutal murder of Emmett Till, a 14-year-old black boy, shocks the nation. Till was killed in Mississippi for saying "Bye, baby," to a white woman in a country store. Racial tensions flare up when an all-white jury later acquits two white men of Till's murder. The men eventually confess their guilt to a news reporter, saying Till deserved his fate for being disrespectful to white people.
S.C.L.C.Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Established by the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., and his followers in 1957 to coordinate and assist local organizations working for the full equality of blacks in all aspects of American life. The organization worked primarily in the South and some border states, conducting leadership-training programs, citizen-education projects, and voter-registration drives.
ROSA PARKS ARRESTEDMontgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks intentionally breaks city laws by refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested in Montgomery, Alabama. Outraged by the arrest, Jo Ann Robinson of the Women's Political Caucus immediately prints flyers urging fellow black citizens to boycott the buses for a day. The boycott ultimately lasts 382 days.
Don’t Ride the Bus • December 5, 1955The Montgomery bus boycott begins as thousands of Alabama's black citizens protest Rosa Parks' arrest by boycotting city buses. This helps spark the U.S. civil rights movement. Local black leaders form the Montgomery Improvement Association and name a young pastor, Martin Luther King Jr., as its president to lead the protest.
Things Start to Get Ugly • January 30, 1956Racial tensions erupt into violence as groups of angry white citizens try to frighten and harass black protesters into giving up their bus boycott. The home of Martin Luther King Jr. is bombed, but he and his family are not injured. Despite the attacks, King remains faithful to his policy of nonviolence and urges his followers to continue their protests peacefully.
Boycott EndsBuses Desegregated • November 13, 1956In a dramatic victory, the U.S. Supreme Court outlaws segregation on buses in Montgomery. This triumph inspires other black citizens to launch their own crusades against racist laws and leaders.
SNCC • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCCOn February 1, 1960, four black college students attracted widespread attention when they refused to leave a whites-only lunch counter in an F. W. Woolworth store in Greensboro, North Carolina. The sit-in continued for several weeks and inspired dozens of similar sit-ins across the South.
Sit-Ins In 1960 four black college students walked into a Woolworth store in Greensboro, North Carolina, and sat down at the lunch counter, which was for white customers only. The students waited to be served until the store closed for the day. For the next six days, a growing number of students joined the sit-ins until Woolworth closed its doors.
Little Rock High Erupts in Violence • September 25, 1957After Arkansas Governor Orval E. Faubus defies a court order to integrate Little Rock Central High School, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends federal troops to escort nine black students (known as the Little Rock Nine) to the previously all-white school. Armed troops guard the school's hallways to keep the peace for the next nine months.
A New Voice • Malcom X
I Have a Dream • August 28, 1963America's civil rights movement hits full stride with the March on Washington, one of the largest demonstrations in U.S. history. In his greatest triumph, Martin Luther King Jr. peacefully leads 250,000 people in Washington, D.C., and delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. The marchers' ultimate goal is to ensure the passage of the Civil Rights Act.
