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Off-Road Status Review

California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board. Off-Road Status Review. October 24, 2002. Outline. Impacts of Off-Road Categories Categories Small Off-Road Engines(SORE) Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engines Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines Recreational Marine

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Off-Road Status Review

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  1. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Off-Road Status Review October 24, 2002

  2. Outline • Impacts of Off-Road Categories • Categories • Small Off-Road Engines(SORE) • Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engines • Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines • Recreational Marine • Past, Present, Future

  3. Mobile Sources Statewide Emissions Inventory HC 2000 2010 24% 31% 76% 69% 2020 752 TPD 37% 1408 TPD 63% On-Road Off-Road 482 TPD

  4. Mobile Sources Statewide Emissions Inventory NOx 2000 2010 27% 24% 58% 15% 65% 11% 2020 28% 1803 TPD 2875 TPD 28% 44% On-Road Off-Road Trains, Planes, Ships 1115 TPD

  5. 2000 2010 58% 56% 27% 23% 21% 15% 2020 52 TPD 47% 19% On-Road 34% Off-Road Trains & Ships Diesel Mobile Sources Emissions Inventory PM 67 TPD 38 TPD

  6. Cleaner Off-Road Engines to Meet Our Public Health Goals • Critical component of SIPs to attain the ozone and particulate matter standards • 8 off-road SIP measures • Included state and federal commitments • Preempt equipment

  7. Category Contributions HC Tons per day

  8. Category Contributions NOx Tons per day

  9. Small Off-Road Engines

  10. Status • 1990: Adopted standards • Tier 1 (1995-1999) • Enleanment • Engine modifications • Tier 2 (2000+) • Handheld • Advanced 2-strokes • 2-stroke 4-stroke • Catalysts • Switch to electric equipment • Non-handheld • Side Valve Overhead Valve

  11. Lower Emissions Levels< 65cc Engines HC+NOx g/bhp-hr

  12. Lower Emissions Levels> 65cc Engines HC+NOx Engine Displacement g/bhp-hr

  13. Small Engine Contribution Reduced HC+NOx 85 tpd 2000 2010 54 tpd 54 tpd 2020 Annual Average

  14. Current StatusModel AvailabilitySmall Handheld Engines Survey Dates

  15. Additional Reductions from Small Engines are Possible • Evaporative reductions • Approximately: 50% HC reduction by 2020 • Further exhaust reductions • Catalyst durability demonstration • Expectation: 50%+ HC+NOx reduction • Propose new standards in 2003

  16. Large Spark-Ignition Engines

  17. Status • 1998: Adopted catalyst based standards • 2001-2003: Phased-in • 2004: Fully implemented with a durability requirement • No reported technical or availability issues • Manufacturers certified compliant engines • Most engines well below 3.0 g/bhp-hr standard

  18. Reduced Emissions Contribution HC+NOx 2000 81 tpd 39 tpd 2010 42 tpd 49 tpd 32 tpd 2020 Annual Average

  19. Additional Reductions from LSI Engines are Feasible • ARB, SCAQMD, U.S. EPA, SwRI • Closed-loop/catalyst durability demonstration • Transient test cycle developed • More stringent emission standards feasible - adopted by U.S. EPA 9/02

  20. Recreational Marine Engines Spark-Ignition Vessels

  21. Recreational MarineVessels I N B O A R D S

  22. Recreational MarineVessels S T E R N D R I V E S

  23. Recreational MarineVessels OU T B O A R D S

  24. Recreational MarineVessels P E R S O N A L W A T E R C R A F T

  25. History • 1996: EPA - Outboards/PWCs • 1998: ARB - Outboards/PWCs • 2001: EPA 2006 standards • 2004: 20% lower standards • 2008: 65% lower standards • 2001: ARB - Inboards/Sterndrives • 2003: Emissions “capped” • 2007: Catalyst-based standards

  26. Reduced Emissions ContributionOutboards and PWCs HC+NOx Statewide Summer Weekend Inventory

  27. Reduced Emissions ContributionInboards and Sterndrives HC+NOx Statewide Summer Weekend Inventory

  28. Clean 2002 Models Available

  29. Recent Events • 2002: EPA - (Proposed) Evap Controls • Covers: Outboard - PWC - Inboard - Sterndrive • Reduce evap emissions by 80% in 2008 MY • 2002: ARB - Catalyst Demo Project • “In Water” demo of catalyst-equipped boats. • ARB, U.S. EPA, U.S. Coast Guard, NMMA, MECA • Report conclusions

  30. Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines

  31. Mobile Sources DieselEmissions Inventory 2010 NOx 35% 48% 17% On-Road Off-Road 1165 TPD Trains & Ships

  32. Mobile Sources DieselEmissions Inventory 2010 PM 56% 23% 21% On-Road 52 TPD Off-Road Trains & Ships

  33. Diesel Engine History • 1992: California adopts standards early for non-preempt engines • 1994: U.S. EPA asked to adopt standards for preempt engines • 1996: Statement of Principles signed by ARB, U.S. EPA, and engine manufacturers • 1998: Final U.S. EPA diesel rule approved consisting of 3 Tiers of diesel standards • 2000: California aligns with U.S. EPA

  34. 50 40 30 Preempt NonPreempt Tons per day 20 10 0 2000 2010 2020 Regulatory Effects on Emissions PM10 Statewide Annual Average

  35. Preempt NonPreempt Regulatory Effects on Emissions HC+NOx Statewide Annual Average

  36. Current Diesel Status • Availability • Sales are virtually unaffected by regulations • Engine sales have mostly increased • Compliance • Tier 1 is already fully implemented • Tier 2 is in its second year • Many engines are ahead of schedule

  37. Off-Road Diesel PM Emission Standards Lag On-Road Standards g/bhp-hr Off-road 275 hp On-road

  38. Off-Road Diesel NOx Emission Standards Lag On-Road Standards Off-road 275 hp g/bhp-hr On-road

  39. Issues - Reducing Off-Road Diesel Emissions • Future off-road standards will be patterned after existing 2007 on-road standards • PM aftertreatment nearly ready • NOx aftertreatment proceeding rapidly • 15 PPM sulfur diesel fuel required • Global harmonization of standards desirable

  40. Conclusions • Emission standards have successfully been implemented for off-road engines • Compliant products are available in all categories • Emissions are being reduced • Staff continues to look for opportunities to further reduce emissions

  41. Conclusions (cont’d) • Off-road diesel is the largest remaining category of PM and NOx emissions • On-road technologies are transferable • More stringent (Tier 4) standards will provide significant improvements in air quality • U.S. EPA action is necessary

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