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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acids. Proton (H + ion) in an aqueous solution. Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO 3 , HClO 4 , H 2 SO 4 Weak acids: all other acids. (organic acids have a carbon chain ending in -COOH) Strong acids make a lot of ions in solution, weak acids do not make many ions in solution.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Proton (H+ ion) in an aqueous solution. • Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4 • Weak acids: all other acids. (organic acids have a carbon chain ending in -COOH) • Strong acids make a lot of ions in solution, weak acids do not make many ions in solution.

  3. Bases • Proton acceptor. (increase the concentration of OH- ions in solution by taking an H+ from water) • Strong bases: Group IA or IIA metals hooked to hydroxide. • Weak bases: all other bases.

  4. Acids Turns litmus paper red pH <7 Tastes sour Corrosive to metal Increases the hydronium (H3O+)ion concentration in water. Bases Turns litmus paper blue pH>7 Tastes bitter Caustic to flesh Increases hydroxide ion concentration in water Properties of acids and bases

  5. pH and pOH pH is the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration. (hydronium ion concentration = to H+) pOH is the negative log of [OH-] Road map

  6. Example Problems using “Road Map” • What is the pH of a [H+] = 0.000756M solution? • What is the [OH-] is the pH is 3.75? • What is the [H+], pH and pOH when the [OH-] is 1.37 x 10-5?

  7. More Road map fun • What is the pH of a 0.0095M KOH solution? • What is the pOH of a 0.049M HCl solution? • What is the [OH-] of a 0.00053M HBr solution? • What is the [H+] of a 0.00077M NaOH solution?

  8. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs An acid loses an H+ to become a conjugate base on the product side. A base will gain an H+ to become a conjugate acid on the product side. HA + H2O  H3O+ + A-

  9. How to figure it out: Find the pair (they have an element in common besides H) The one with more H’s is the acid (A), the other is the base (B). The ones on the right side of the arrow are the conjugates so write a C in from of them (C).

  10. Conjugate acid base questions Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. 1. NH3 + HCl  NH4+ + Cl- 2. HF + H2O  H3O+ + F- 3. CH3NH2 + HNO2  CH3NH3+ + NO2- 4. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  11. Writing Net Ionic Salt reactions Salt reactions are double replacement with water as HOH. Look at the products. Identify them as acid/base, strong/weak. Strong acid products, cross off the back end, add a positive charge to the front. Strong base products, cross of the front part and add a negative charge to the back part.

  12. Deciding if it is acidic or basic Look at your products. *Strong acid + weak base, strong wins acidic *Weak acid + strong base, strong wins basic *Strong acid with strong base, no winners, neutral. *Weak acid + weak base, no winners, neutral (in AP you have to check which weak is stronger and decide if it is acid or base, we don’t do that)

  13. Salt Reaction Examples Write the reaction, decide if it is acidic or basic. 1. NH4Cl + HOH  2. NaC2H3O2 + HOH  3. KCl + HOH 

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