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Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens . . Elements and the Periodic Table. 2.1 Matter.  Elements are the b asic building blocks of minerals. .  Over 100 elements are known. Definition of a Mineral. 2.2 Minerals. 1. Naturally occurring. 2. Solid substance.

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Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

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  1. PrenticeHallEARTH SCIENCE TarbuckLutgens 

  2. Elements and the Periodic Table 2.1 Matter  Elements are the basic building blocks of minerals.  Over 100 elements are known.

  3. Definition of a Mineral 2.2 Minerals 1. Naturally occurring 2. Solid substance 3. Orderly crystalline structure 4. Definite chemical composition 5. Generally considered inorganic

  4. How Minerals Form 2.2 Minerals 1. Crystallization from magma 2. Precipitation 3. Pressure and temperature 4. Hydrothermal solutions

  5. Minerals Formed as a Result of Crystallization of Magma

  6. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals Can be classified based on their composition 1. Silicates • Silicon and oxygen combine.

  7. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 2. Carbonates • Minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements 3. Oxides • Minerals that contain oxygen.

  8. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 4. Sulfates and Sulfides • Minerals that contain the element sulfur 5. Halides • Minerals that contain a halogen ion 6. Native elements • Minerals that exist in relatively pure form

  9. Sulfides

  10. Native Copper

  11. Color Properties of Minerals that can be tested Small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral different colors.

  12. Streak Properties of Minerals Streak is the color of a mineral in its powdered form.

  13. Luster Properties of Minerals Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.

  14. Pyrite (Fool’s Gold) Displays Metallic Luster.

  15. Crystal Form Properties of Minerals Crystal form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atoms.

  16. Quartz Often Exhibits Good Crystal Form.

  17. Hardness Properties of Minerals Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. Mohs scale consists of 10 minerals arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest).

  18. Mohs Scale of Hardness

  19. Cleavage 2.3 Properties of Minerals Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces.

  20. Mica Has Cleavage in One Direction

  21. Fracture 2.3 Properties of Minerals Minerals that do not show cleavage when broken are said to fracture. Fracture—the uneven breakage of a mineral

  22. Conchoidal Fracture

  23. Density 2.3 Properties of Minerals Density is a property of all matter that is the ratio of an object’s mass to its volume. D = m/v

  24. Distinctive Properties of Minerals 2.3 Properties of Minerals • Some minerals can be recognized by other distinctive properties. • Fluorescence • Magnetism • Smell • Chemical reactions

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