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Chapter 33

Chapter 33. Animal Tissues & Organ Systems. Tissues. Remember our levels of organization/complexity! Atom MoleculeCellTissueOrganOrgan System Cytology —Study of cells Histology —Study of tissues. Tissues. Tissue A group of similar cells united to perform a specific function.

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Chapter 33

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  1. Chapter 33 Animal Tissues & Organ Systems

  2. Tissues • Remember our levels of organization/complexity! • AtomMoleculeCellTissueOrganOrgan System • Cytology—Study of cells • Histology—Study of tissues

  3. Tissues • Tissue • A group of similar cells united to perform a specific function. • Groups of cells having a similar structure and function

  4. Germ Layers • Ectoderm—epidermis, nervous system • Endoderm—linings of digestive & respiratory tracts, & associated organs • Mesoderm—Skeletal, muscular, circulatory systems

  5. Tissue Types • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  6. Epithelial Tissues • Line body cavities • Line body tubes • Form body coverings • Form many glands

  7. Epithelial Tissues • Characteristics • Closely packed • Tightly connected • Polarity • Apical surface • Basal Surface • Avascular • Innervated • High regeneration

  8. Epithelial Tissues • Classification • Layers • Simple • Stratified • Pseudostratified • Shape • Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar • Transitional

  9. Epithelial Tissues • Simple Squamous • Diffusion & filtration • Kidneys, air sacs, capillaries • Simple Cuboidal • Secrete & absorb • Kidneys, glands, ovaries

  10. Epithelial Tissues • Simple Columnar • Absorption, secrete mucus & enzymes • Cilia on some for propulsion • Digestive tract (non-ciliated), bronchi & uterus (ciliated) • Pseudostratified Columnar • Secretion, ciliated propulsion • Respiratory tract, male reproductive

  11. Epithelial Tissues • Stratified Squamous • Protection from abrasion • Mouth, vagina, skin

  12. Connective Tissues • Most abundant • Most diverse • Extracellular matrix—nonliving substance separating living cells

  13. Connective Tissues • Loose connective tissue (fibroblasts) • Dense connective tissue (fibroblasts) • Cartilage (chondrocytes) • Bone (osteocytes) • Blood (hematopoetic stem cells)

  14. Connective Tissues • Loose • Areolar • Connect skin to tissues • Superficial coverings of some organs • Adipose • Energy storage • Cushioning • Insulation

  15. Connective Tissues • Dense • Irregular—loosely packed • Dermis • Around blood vessels • Part of intestines • Regular—densely packed • Tendons • Ligaments

  16. Connective Tissues • Cartilage • Hyaline • Ends of bone • Ribs to sternum • Elastic • External ear • Epiglottis

  17. Connective Tissues • Bone • 30% collagen fibers • 70% mineral salts • Support & protection

  18. Connective Tissues • Blood • 55% plasma • Water, proteins, other • 45% cells • Erythrocytes—red blood cells • Oxygen transport • Leukocytes—white blood cells • Fight infection • Clean up debris • Thrombocytes—platelets • clotting

  19. Muscle Tissues • Movement • Highly vascularized • Actin & myosin microfilaments

  20. Muscle Tissues • Skeletal muscle • Multi-nucleated • Long, parallel fibers • Striations • Voluntary contractions

  21. Muscle Tissues • Cardiac muscle • Only in the heart • Branched fibers • Striations • Intercalated discs • Involuntary

  22. Muscle Tissues • Smooth muscle • Spindle-shaped fibers • No striations • Involuntary • Blood vessels • Walls of hollow organs • Gastrointestinal tract

  23. Nervous Tissues • Central nervous system • Brain & spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system • Fewest cell types • Detects, interprets, transmits, responds to stimuli • Coordinates, regulates, integrates body activities

  24. Nervous Tissues • Neurons • Dentrites • Axons

  25. Nervous Tissues • Neuroglial cells • Support & nourish

  26. Tissues to Organs • Skin • Epithelial—Stratified squamous, simple cuboidal • Connective—Adipose, areolar, dense irregular, blood • Muscle—Smooth (arrectorpili, blood vessels) • Nervous

  27. Organ Systems

  28. Organ Systems

  29. Organ Systems

  30. Organ Systems

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