FOUNDATIONS (WORKING DRAWING)

1. EDUSAT RESOURCE MATERIAL P.BY: Ar. ANMOL GARG (Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship) GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA Cont.: 09914410599 FOUNDATIONS(WORKING DRAWING)

2. INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATIONS Function of a foundation is to transfer the structural loads from a building safely into the ground. A larger and heavier building of masonry, steel, or concrete would require its foundations to go deeper into earth such that the soil or the rock on which it is founded is competent to carry its massive loads.

3. Foundation Components Footing

4. Foundation Components (to attach wood stud sill plate) (moves water away from building) (to keep water off of foundation wall) (separates slab from foundation wall) (to keep water off of slab) (to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier) (moves water away from building)

5. Site Preparation • Remove trees and any debris • Remove top soil (4-6” below surface)

6. Site Layout • Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete • Layout building perimeter • Use batter boards • Establish building corners & building perimeter • Use surveying instruments

7. Excavation • Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards • Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter • Don’t excavate inside soil if slab on grade • If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse • If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

8. Pour Footings • Construct formwork (if required) • Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings • (protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall) • Pour concrete footings • Smooth / finish surface

9. Rules of Thumb • Footing shall be below frost line • Footing width usually 2x height • Typical size (24” wide x 12” tall) • Rebar is usually 3” from edge of concrete • Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the interior face of the foundation wall

10. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Major Building Parts Superstructure Substructure Foundation

11. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Two types foundations : Shallow and Deep – Depends on whether the load transfer is at deeper depths or shallower depths - Need for these two types (soil strength, ground water conditions, foundation loads, construction methods and impact on adjacent property)

12. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Shallow foundations (column footings without or with tie/grade beams, individual or combined wall footing, slab on grade, raft) - Deep foundations (caissons with or without sockets, end bearing or friction piles, pile groups), made of concrete (regular or site-cast) or steel or wood

13. Shallow Foundations • Requirements • Suitable soil bearing capacity • Undisturbed soil or engineered fill • Basic types or configurations • Column footings • Wall or strip footings

14. Combination Spread & Strip Footing

15. Shallow Foundations Stepped strip footings Grade Beams /// /// \\\ \\\ /// \\\

16. Shallow Foundations • Mat foundation • Floating (Mat) foundation

17. Deep Foundations - Purpose Transfer building loads deep into the earth Basic types • Drilled (& poured) • Driven

18. Pile material • Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe • Concrete; Site cast or Precast • Wood; Timber • Composite

19. Driven Piles

20. Precast Concrete Plies

38. EDUSAT RESOURCE MATERIAL THANK YOU! P.BY: Ar. ANMOL GARG (Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship) GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA Cont.: 09914410599