Individualized Intensive Interventions: Data Driven Instruction Step Two: Hypothesis Development

1. Individualized Intensive Interventions: Data Driven InstructionStep Two:Hypothesis Development Module 3C

2. Logistics • Agenda • Amenities • Outcomes • Follow-Up

3. Objectives • After participating in this workshop, participants will be able to: • Use interview and observation data to determine the communicative function of challenging behavior and develop behavioral hypotheses.

4. Core Competencies & Florida Child Standards • Core Knowledge Area (CKA): Observing, Documenting, Screening and Assessing Young Children and Their Families • Key Elements (KE): Understand the goals, benefits, purposes, and uses of screenings and assessments • Tier/Level (T): IV • Core Competency (CC):Analyze and evaluate observation and assessment findings

5. Group Agreement and Consensus • As a group we will develop a group agreement chart • First we will brainstorm one to two statements per group to add to the chart. • We will then seek consensus on an agreement that explains how we, as participants, are expected to interact with one another to keep the learning environment respectful and productive.

6. The Pyramid Model: Promoting Social and Emotional Competence and Addressing Challenging Behavior Few Children Some Children All Children

7. Individualized Intensive Interventions: Hypothesis Development Data Driven Instruction for Severe Challenging Behavior

8. Individualizing Interventions Hypothesis Development

9. Process of Positive Behavior Support Step 1: Gathering information (functional assessment) Step 2: Developing hypotheses (best guess) Step 3: Choosing Prevention, Replacement, and Response Strategies Step 4: Designing behavior support plans Step 5: Implementing, monitoring, evaluating outcomes, and refining plan in natural environments

10. Hypotheses Statements • Triggers of the challenging behavior • Description of the challenging behavior • Responses that maintain the challenging behavior • Purpose of the behavior

11. Hypothesis Statement Billy will use tantrums to request a social interaction. Billy will initiate a chase game or request to be held by pulling the adult’s hand or positioning the adult. If the adult does not comply, Billy will cry loudly, scream, and bring his hands to his face or ears. Often the adult will comply with his request or pick him up.

12. Hypothesis Statement Marcia tantrums to escape moving to a new activity. When she is asked to transition from an activity (e.g., playing in the sandbox) to another activity, she will whine, cry, pretend to vomit, slap at the adult, and scream. When she does this, the adult lets her stay a little longer with the original activity or picks her up kicking and screaming.

13. Not Sure About the Hypothesis? What would make the challenging behaviorstop? Is it something you would provide or allow the child to access? Or is there something to remove? Or can you allow the child to leave? If still unsure, collect more data in the same context. Some challenging behavior may have the same form but serve multiple functions. Some challenging behaviors may begin around one function (e.g., escape) and continue to serve another function (e.g., gain attention).

14. Activity: What is your Best Guess Hypothesis Development

15. Hypothesis Statement for Tim • As a group develop a hypothesis for Tim • Remember to include: • Triggers of the challenging behavior • Description of the challenging behavior • Responses that maintain the challenging behavior • Purpose of the behavior

16. Tim’s Support Planning Chart: Hypothesis Function:obtain toy/play

17. Tim’s Hypothesis Statement In group play situations (outside play/ centers), Tim uses verbal aggression (threats), physical aggression (hit, push, kick, punch), and property destruction (throwing or banging toys) to obtain toys and/or join play. When this occurs, the peer relinquishes the desired toy and leaves the play area and/or an adult intervenes and provides Tim with excessive negative attention.

18. Determining the Function: Final Activity Comprehension Check

19. Determining the Function Activity: Case Study Steps: • Determine roles • Review child description • Review observations • Review interview • Complete final page of interview • Determine functions of problem behavior • Report to group Roles: • Facilitator – person who guides group in stating agenda, work goals, time allocation • Recorder – person who writes down the discussion • Time Keeper – Person who tracks time and warns when agenda item is ending • Reporter – person who shares group information, makes presentation • Jargon-buster– person who asks the question “what do you mean when you say ‘gobbley-gook’” and helps the group with communicating clearly.

20. Reflect on Functional Assessment Process Action Planning

21. Major Messages • Challenging behavior has meaning for the child. • Children use behavior to access something or someone (obtain/request) or avoid something or someone (escape/protest). • The process of Function Assessment is used to determine the function or purpose of challenging behavior. • Hypothesis statements describe the triggers, challenging behavior, maintaining consequences, and function.