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Analysis of the influence of aiming, on visibility distance and glare

Analysis of the influence of aiming, on visibility distance and glare. Informal document No . GRE-65-30 (65th GRE, 28-31 March 2011, agenda item 5(d)). Poland 65 GRE, 29 March 2011 Dr EngTomasz Targosinski.

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Analysis of the influence of aiming, on visibility distance and glare

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  1. Analysis of the influence of aiming, on visibility distance and glare Informal document No. GRE-65-30 (65th GRE, 28-31 March 2011, agenda item 5(d)) Poland 65 GRE, 29 March 2011 Dr EngTomasz Targosinski

  2. Is it really needed?If yes – why and when?For what kind of lights or vehicles and why ? OBLIGATORY AUTOMATIC LEVELLING ?

  3. - 2000 lm (artificial arbitrary criterion)- Gas discharge (35W, 25W?)- LED AUTOMATIC LEVELLING AT PRESENT - DESIGN ORIENTED REQUIREMENT No relation to performance

  4. Requirements concerning aiming (Reg. 48 - mounting height) 6.2.4.2. In height: not less than 500 mm and not more than 1,200 (1,500) mm above the ground.

  5. Requirements concerning aiming (R 48 limits for aiming) 6.2.6.1.2. Depending on the mounting height (...) the vertical inclination of the cut-off (...) shall, under all static conditions of Annex 5, remain between the • h < 0.8; 0.8 < h < 1.0; h > 1.0; h > 1.2 • limits: between ... and ... • initial aiming: between ... and ... • The above limits and the initial aiming values are summarized in the diagram ...

  6. HOW IT DEPENDS ON AIMING ? VISIBILITY DISTANCE CUT-OFF on the road75R on the road

  7. High illumination zone responsible for road illumination

  8. Expected aiming h=0.75m i=1.0% 75m Visibility distance

  9. Lowest limit of aiming tolerance in.Reg.48 h=0.5m i=2.5% 20m Minimum visibility distance

  10. Highest limit of aiming tolerance in Reg.48h=1.0m i=0.5% 200m Maximim visibility distance

  11. REGULATORY (Reg.48) VISIBILITY DISTANCE [m]

  12. REGULATORY VISIBILITY DISTANCE [m]

  13. Real sizes and distances 200m 100m 20m 0m Possible range of visibility distances in Reg 48.

  14. Automatic or manual levelling in Reg. 48allow passing beam to illuminate road at the distance from 20m to 200m PRESENT SITUATION

  15. BRAKING DISTANCE 30 km/h .... 20m 60 km/h ........ 50m 90 km/h ................ 100 m 110 km/h ........................ 140m 130 km/h ................................190m

  16. 1-st CONCLUSION: If you do not know the technical details about the design of your vehicle, the safe speed for vehicles equipped with type approved passing beam (Reg. 48) is: 30 km/h (20m visibility distance)

  17. In the Reg. 48 there should be a requirement: There should be a note in the car, located in the easily visible place: „SAFE USE OF HEADLAMP DURING NIGHTIME IN THIS VEHICLE IS RESTRICTED TO MAXIMUM SPEED OF ... [30km/h]” ...unless the manufacturer declares differently (In the Reg. 48 type approval ?)

  18. FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN TECHNICAL SOLUTION, BUT RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD REST WITH THE MANUFACTURERS FREEDOM, CLEAR INFORMATION AND RESPONIBILITY FOR THE CHOICE AND USE BY VEHICLE USERS

  19. AIMING AND ROAD ILLUMINATION IN THE REAL CONDITIONS

  20. Reg. 48 p.6.2.6.1.2. requirements + incorrect initial aiming + incorrect position of manual levelling device

  21. Reg. 48 p.6.2.6.1.2. requirements – no levelling device influence + influence of bulbs and headlamps mass production tolerances and aiming procedure

  22. 2-nd CONCLUSION: The safe speed (passing beam) for most vehicles (80%) on the road with optimally adjusted headlamps could be : 50 km/h and even more Responsibility: vehicle manufacturer (& garage)

  23. STATISTICS ARE OF NO USE FOR PERSONAL SAFETY IF ACCIDENT AFFECTS YOU PERSONALLY, STATISTICS HAS NO MEANING! STATISTICS ARE USEFUL FOR COST CALCULATION

  24. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  25. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  26. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  27. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  28. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  29. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  30. Obstacles on the road / close to the road

  31. How often do you happen to see so many obstacles on the empty road? But what then, if it happens?

  32. AUTOMATIC LEVELLING ? MANUFACTURER FREEDOM MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITY „SAFE USE OF HEADLAMP DURING NIGHTIME IN THIS VEHICLE IS RESTRICTED TO MAXIMUM SPEED OF ... [30km/h]” ...if manufacturer does not declare differently in Reg. 48 type approval

  33. Most frequent situation... ...when passing beamsare used Visibility distance is not important

  34. IF ACCIDET AFFECTS YOU PERSONALLY STATISTICS HAS NO MEANING!

  35. Regulations should take into account the worst case

  36. INFLUENCE OF AIMING ON GLARE (The only subject of discussion)

  37. Glare regulatory requirements

  38. ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES PRESENTLY INCLUDED IN REGULATIONS 112, 98, 123

  39. ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES (Nominal aim and mounting height) large variations

  40. ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES for the same headlamp in height and levelling tolerances of Reg. 48 50 cm 1%D 50 cm 0.5%D 80 cm 1%D 80 cm 0.5%D 100 cm 1.0%D 100 cm 0.5%D 120 cm 2.5%D HEADLAMP „A”

  41. ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES for the same headlamp in height and levelling tolerances of Reg. 48 120 cm 1%D 100 cm 0.5%D 80 cm 1.0%D HEADLAMP „B”

  42. ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES Important area on the hand right side (Damasky)

  43. Right curve phenomenon increased glare - reduced visibility SHORT TIME – HIGH RISK - THEWORST CASE

  44. glare sensitivity for aiming – headlamps of different design HIGH GLARE ILLUMINATION HIGH LEVELLING SESITIVITY LOW ILLUMINATION LOW SESITIVITY HIGH SENSITIVITY

  45. WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN MANUAL LEVELLING DEVICE WILL BE INCORRECTLY USED ?

  46. MANUAL LEVELLIND DEVICE NOT PROPERLY USED (e.g. IN INITIAL POSITION BY MAKSIMUM BACK LOAD) i=0.5% UP

  47. ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES BY INCORRECT USE OF MANUAL LEVELLING STANDARD HALOGEN HEADLAMP EFFECTIVE GAS DISCHARGE HEADLAMP

  48. Some tests showed that the use of xenon lights contribute to decreasing the number of accidents. • Perhaps, it concerns obligatory use of automatic levelling and not only higher luminous flux?...

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