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DNA BACKGROUND SECTION 4.1, 4.2

DNA BACKGROUND SECTION 4.1, 4.2. Homework p. 216 #1-5. DNA BASICS. Double stranded, helical, self Nucleotides: nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group. DNA codes amino acid sequence of all . REPLICATION: enzymes unwind The single strands act as templates

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DNA BACKGROUND SECTION 4.1, 4.2

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  1. DNA BACKGROUNDSECTION 4.1, 4.2 Homework p. 216 #1-5

  2. DNA BASICS • Double stranded, helical, self • Nucleotides: nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group. • DNA codes amino acid sequence of all • . • REPLICATION: enzymes unwind • The single strands act as templates • Two new DNA are the result.

  3. Early research J. Hammerling Expt. Frederick Griffith Discovered process of . Dead, pathogenic cells were able to cause infection in live animals. See animation. Hershey & Chase Used radioactive as DNA tracer on viruses. Bacterial cells contained the tracer. • Algae Acetylbularia. • Only -containing appendages would regenerate. Therefore DNA must be hereditary material. • Avery et al. DNA was the • Principle of dead Pneumococcus • See summary p. 215 text.

  4. Definitions • Deoxyribose sugar: Five C missing OH on 2’C • Phosphate Group: Four O surrounding P • Nitrogenous Base: Alkyline, , with N • Nucleotides:Base, sugar, phosphate • Glycosyl bond. (base to 1’ on sugar) • Ester Bond (Phosphate group to 5’ )

  5. Watson and Crick • Deduced the DNA double Helix model using work by: • Rosalind Franklin revealed the helical structure using • Chargaff’s rule: A=T G=C (complementary) • Two strands: run in opposite directions 5’3’ and 3’5’ • We write the 5’3’ strand only.

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