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Efficiency + Modularity = the new Green UPS Design

Efficiency + Modularity = the new Green UPS Design. Ed Spears. Data Centers – A Global Perspective. Item. Generation. The Grid. Data Center. Server. Processor. Server Load. Units Delivered. 65 Steam 35 Electric. 35. 33 (45% DCiE, 2.2 PUE). 15. 5. 0.1- 4***.

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Efficiency + Modularity = the new Green UPS Design

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  1. Efficiency + Modularity = the new Green UPS Design Ed Spears

  2. Data Centers – A Global Perspective Item Generation The Grid Data Center Server Processor Server Load Units Delivered 65 Steam 35 Electric 35 33 (45% DCiE, 2.2 PUE) 15 5 0.1- 4*** *Data source: U.S. Department of Energy, May 18, 2007, ** Does not account approx 5 units to deliver coal or gas, *** IBM, 2008 Wasted energy burdens the environment and increases operational expenses • Carbon Footprint in IT Computing • Only 3% of the energy entering a data center is used for net computing creating opportunities for efficiency improvements (Source: IBM, 2009)

  3. Challenges For Customers Energy costs and regulatory compliance will continueto place organizations at risk Social, economic and regulatory pressures to reduce carbon emissions and energy costs globally • Increasing Energy Costs • Through 2009, Energy costs will emerge as the second highest operating • cost (behind labor) in 70% of the Data Center facilities worldwide (source: Gartner) • Sustainability • 80% of CEO’s view sustainability as impacting brand value(source: 2008, McKinsey) • 31% say they want to reduce their environmental impact(source: 2008, McKinsey) • IT accounts for 2% of the global CO2 emissions, as much as the airline industry(source: 2008, IBM, UK) • Regulations • 82% of executives expect some form of climate change regulation within 5 years(source: 2008, McKinsey) • European Union Code of Conduct for Data Centers • UK Carbon Reduction Commitment (2010)

  4. The Quest For Energy Efficiencies Source: CEMEP UPS Eaton 9395 UPS • The Key Challenge • For Our Customers • Energy Efficiency • Reduced OpEx • Sustainability • Regulations The Solution • Energy Advantage Architecture • Innovative proprietary technologies bringing new ways to maximize UPS energy efficiencies without compromising on reliability

  5. Energy Advantage Architecture Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologiesto maximize UPS performance & efficiency • Variable Module Management System (VMMS) • Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode • Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications • Energy Saver Systems (ESS) • The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency • Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode when needed (in less than 2 ms) • Energy Advantage Architecture • Higher System Efficiency • No Compromise On Reliability

  6. Energy Advantage ArchitectureVariable Module Management System (VMMS)

  7. The Challenge For UPS’s The Solution: Eaton 9395 UPS and VMMS • In double conversion mode, the efficiency of any UPS varies depending on the % of load • Highest efficiency when close to full capacity • UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity • This is a fact in redundant systems • How to maximize efficiency potential of UPS systems with lighter loads

  8. The Solution: Eaton VMMS How to maximize efficiency with lighter loads in double conversion mode, especially in multi-UPS and redundant system configurations? • Solution #1 (+) • Concentrate load on certain UPS’s to maximize UPS load level and overall system efficiency • Some energy savings • Limited to multiple-UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel) • Still not optimal • Solution #2 (+++) • Eaton 9395 and its Variable Module Management System • Automatically optimize efficiency at UPM level • Concentrate the load on certain UPM’s to maximize overall system efficiency • Only possible thanks to modularity of Eaton 9395 UPS • Not limited to multiple-UPS systems • Achieve even higher optimization thanks to UPM’s modularity

  9. VMMS Principle Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations

  10. Fast Start VMMS/ESS Technology INVERTER ON INVERTER IN SUSPENDED MODE • Same Circuit with transistors off. • The pumpback diodes rectify the critical bus output and create appox. 700vdc on the pos and neg dc rails. • The pumpback diodes act as a 3phase bridge rectifier.

  11. VMMS Principle System Efficiency gainthanks to 9395 and VMMS System Efficiency gainusing legacy UPS efficiency optimization Higher Efficiency with 9395 and VMMS % load of each active UPM in Case3 when using Eaton 9395 and VMMS % load of each UPM in Case1 when using Eaton 9395 UPS without VMMS % load of each UPS in Case2(legacy UPS with some multi-UPS efficiency optimization) % load of each legacy UPS in Case1(no multi-UPS efficiency optimization) VMMS maximizes % load of each UPM Optimizing overall system efficiency EATON UPS LEGACY UPS

  12. VMMS In A Nutshell 9395 UPS Efficiency 96 94 Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS 92 Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS 9395 1100kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration* 9395 825kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration* 9395 550kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration* 90 Eaton 9395 550kVA UPS 88 Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS Efficiency % 86 84 82 80 78 55 110 165 220 275 330 385 440 495 550 605 660 715 770 825 880 935 990 27.5 1045 1100 Load kVA VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves(according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves(according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves(according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve Typical Operations Range 9395 275kVA Notes:- Scaled drawing- VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS default max UPM % load level @ 80% (*) 9395 550kVA 9395 825kVA 9395 1100kVA 9395 VMMS N+0

  13. VMMS Applications VMMS can be used in all multi-module (multiple-UPM) 9395 systems • Single 9395 units from 550kVA to 1100kVA • Distributed parallel systems SBM Systems • Typical Applications Where VMMS • Particularly Efficient • Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS’s • • Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load • level where efficiency is not optimal • Data Centers, especially when UPS system • feeds dual corded servers • Any applications when load is not constant

  14. VMMS Example:9395 / 825kVA Units in Dual Corded Load with A & B feeds “A” Example with 440kVA load(A 220kVA + B 220kVA) “B” Single / Dual Source Data Center with Dual Corded Servers A Feed220kVA A Feed220kVA A Feed220kVA B Feed220kVA B Feed220kVA B Feed220kVA

  15. VMMS – How Can I Get It? Variable Module Management System is available: • on Eaton 9395 UPS • Earlier installations can also be upgraded with VMMS capability

  16. Energy Saver SystemThe game-changing UPS technology

  17. UPS inefficiencies are a significant contributor to energy costs Example – 2009 $1M buys approximately 50 5kW racks Cost of UPS electrical losses per year – $28k * Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

  18. The Answer — Energy Saver System • Efficient99% efficiency across entire operating range • IntelligentDetects incoming power quality and engages modules as needed • ReliableProven double conversion topology ensures continuous load availability

  19. Engage subsystems in real time, based on input power quality

  20. Energy Saver System is Fast Computer system tolerance. 20 mSec…..1/50th of a second 5X Faster Digital Static Transfer Switch (STS). 4 mSec…..1/250th of a second 16X Faster Energy Saver System. 1.2 mSec total…1/830th of a second (Inverter is engaged in 620 micro-seconds!)

  21. DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Test Setup • Source Channels -> 3,5,&7 • Output/Load Channels -> 4,6,&8 • Load -> 100KW Resistive • Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description • 1/2 cycle 0% dropout sequence (All Phases) (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault) Test Result • 1.2ms Transfer Time (600us detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time). Source Output

  22. DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Continued Test Setup • Source Channels -> 3,5,&7 • Output/Load Channels -> 4,6,&8 • Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load • Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries Test Description • 40 cycle 40% dropout sequence (All Phases) Test Result • 1.6ms Transfer Time (1ms detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time). Source Output

  23. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Test Setup • Source Channels -> 3,5,&7 • Output/Load Channels -> 4,6,&8 • Load -> 100KW Resistive • Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description • 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (phase L1) (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault) Test Result • 1ms Transfer Time Source Output

  24. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued Test Setup • Source Channels -> 3,5,&7 • Output/Load Channels -> 4,6,&8 • Load -> 100KW Resistive • Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description • 12 cycle 40% dropout sequence (phase L2) Test Result • 1.2ms Transfer Time Source Output

  25. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued Test Setup • Source Channels -> 3,5,&7 • Output/Load Channels -> 4,6,&8 • Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load • Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries Test Description • 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (Phase L2) Test Result • 1.6ms Transfer Time Source Output

  26. What about power line transients? • In either ESS or VMMS mode the inverter filter is continuously “on-line” – it works with an inline inductor to filter out any abnormal line transients. Need proof? Inverter Filter Inline inductor

  27. ESS Technology “Typical” Surge IT Equipment tolerance UPS output with Surge Filter

  28. High Alert Mode High Alert Mode: Continued Storm Detection: Storm detection is the setting in which the UPS locks into double conversion mode when three power line disturbances have forced three transfers from ESS to double conversion mode within an hour. The system will then remain in high alert mode for one hour after the last line disturbance (before transferring back to ESS). Any power strategy command from the front display will reset the one hour ESS lockout period. Note: the one hour timer is EEP configurable.

  29. Operation during faults (short circuits) ESS Output Fault Detection (Breaker Clearing) While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting the difference between a load fault and an upstream short. If a load fault is detected, the UPS will try to clear the fault/breaker by remaining in ESS. If the fault is a short upstream from the UPS, it will immediately perform a forward transfer. The forward transfer time is less than 2 ms (due to the DSP control) ESS Overload Behavior If the load exceeds 110% of the UPS capacity while in Energy Saver System, the UPS will transfer to bypass and will remain there until the overload clears. Once the overload clears, the unit transitions back to Energy Saver System (except for output faults – see above).

  30. Energy Saver System saves even more at lower loadings ESS Efficiency — 99% across the complete operating range

  31. Energy Saver System — the bottom line The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost over a 2-3 year period. • At 250 kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent to $4000 per year per point of efficiency gain. Backing up your 250 kW load with an ESS UPS is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road.

  32. Energy Saver System – The Bottom Line – 250kW Summary Table • The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost over a 2 - 3 year period • Every 250kW with ESS is equivalent to pulling 29 cars off the road.

  33. Energy costs are overwhelming equipment costs in data centers. UPS electrical losses account for 5–10% of the overall electrical expenditure.* Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero. The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than five years. Summary — Energy Saver System * Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

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