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Diarrhoea in the 21st Century. Second most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwideWHO estimation (2002), diarrhoeal disease results in:2.5 million people die annually, mostly children1.6 million children <5yrs old (in developing countries) . In the U.S.211-375 million episodes of diarrhoeal disease occur annually73 million physicians consultations1.8 million hospitalizationOver 3000 deathIn Malaysia (2000)About 2 million episodes of diarrhoea annually among children < 15 yrs 32998
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1. Acute Diarrhoea and Gastroenteritis in Childhood By:
Afifah binti Othman
Masrina binti Hj. Mhmad Tahar
2. Diarrhoea in the 21st Century Second most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
WHO estimation (2002), diarrhoeal disease results in:
2.5 million people die annually, mostly children
1.6 million children <5yrs old (in developing countries)
3. In the U.S.
211-375 million episodes of diarrhoeal disease occur annually
73 million physicians consultations
1.8 million hospitalization
Over 3000 death
In Malaysia (2000)
About 2 million episodes of diarrhoea annually among children < 15 yrs old
5% of total mortality among children <5 yrs old
4. What is Diarrhoea? An increase in the frequency of bowel movements or a decrease in the form of stool (greater looseness of stool)
5. Chronic diarrhoea
Generally lasts > 3 weeks
Common causes: IBS, AIDS, bacterial outgrowth of small int., Colon cancer, Chrons disease
Acute diarrhoea
lasts a few days or up to a week
6. Common Causes of Acute Diarrhoea Infection highly contagious
Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
7. Bacterial enterocolitis
Sign of inflammation blood or pus in stool, fever
15. Dehydration
Excessive loss of fluids and minerals (electrolytes) from the body
Common in infants and young children with viral gastroenteritis or bacterial infection
Kidney failure, eg in infection by E.coli
Electrolyte deficiency
Irritation to anus due to frequent passage of watery stool containing irritating substances
16. Severe or prolonged episode of diarrhoea
Fever
Repeated vomiting, refusal to drink fluids
Severe abdominal pain
Diarrhoea that contains blood or mucus
Sign of dehydration
Dry, sticky mouth
Few or no tears when crying
Sunken eyes
Lack urine or wet diaper
Dry, cool skin
Fatigue or dizziness
17. Measurement of BP in upright and supine post demonstrate orthostatic hypotension, confirm dehydration
Moderate severe diarrhoea, blood electrolytes
Examination of small amount of stool under microscope if inflammation present, further test particularly for bacterial and parasitic infection
18. Antibiotics or antiviral medications are not prescribed for cases of diarrhoea caused by virus or bacteria
Antibiotics may be given to very young children or children with weak immune system
In parasitic infection antiparasitic medicine usually given
20. Prevention Wash hands thoroughly before and after eating or when preparing the meals.
Make sure that the tools used for eating and preparing the meals are clean.
Cover our food or put them in the fridge to prevent any contamination.
21. Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Medical Journal Malaysia VOL 62
http://www.mma.org.my
World Health Organization WHO
http://www.who.int/topics/diarrhoea/en/
http://www.medicinenet.com/diarrhea/article.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diarrhea/DS00292
http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/common/diarrhea.html