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Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Structure, Properties, and Reactions

Explore the basics of organic chemistry - the study of carbon-containing matter - through definitions, synthesized compounds, orbital concepts, and drawing organic compounds. Learn about hybrid orbitals, molecular geometries, and structural representations.

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Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Structure, Properties, and Reactions

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  1. What is Organic Chemistry?

  2. What is Organic Chemistry? Webster’s Dictionary: Definition of Organic “of, relating to, or derived from living matter.” 1828 Friedrich Wöhler synthesized harnstoff

  3. Organic Chemistry is… the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. Is all organic chemistry biological? C60 Diamond

  4. Fig. 1-1, p. 3

  5. http://www.chemtube3d.com/orbitalshybrid.htm

  6. http://www.chemtube3d.com/orbitalsethene.htm

  7. http://www.chemtube3d.com/orbitalsacetylene.htm

  8. C-C hybrid Unhybridized p-orbitals Example H3C-CH3 sp3 4 0 tetrahedral (109.5°) H2C=CH2 sp2 3 1 trigonal planar (120°) H-CºC-H sp 2 2 linear (180°) # of hybrid orbitals hybrid orbital geomerty

  9. hybrid orbitalgeometry Atoms + lone pairs* # of hybrid orbitals Unhybridized p-orbitals Example H3C-CH3 4 4 4 sp3 0 0 H2C=CH2 3 3 3 sp2 1 1 H-CºC-H 2 2 2 sp 2 2 s bonds + lone pairs* hybrid p-bonds * Exception: lone pairs on atoms adjacent to other atoms with p-orbitals will also be in p-orbitals for resonance

  10. http://www.chemtube3d.com/orbitalsallene.htm

  11. Drawing Organic Compounds • Lewis Dot Structures • Condensed Structure • Line Bond Structures (Kekulé) • Skeletal Structures

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