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Non-prescription medicine misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK: a general population survey

Non-prescription medicine misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK: a general population survey. Niamh Fingleton Dr Catriona Matheson, Dr Margaret Watson, Dr Eilidh Duncan. Non-prescription medicines (NPMs). Obtained and supplied without a prescription Used to treat a wide range of symptoms

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Non-prescription medicine misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK: a general population survey

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  1. Non-prescription medicine misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK:a general population survey Niamh Fingleton Dr Catriona Matheson, Dr Margaret Watson, Dr Eilidh Duncan

  2. Non-prescription medicines (NPMs) • Obtained and supplied without a prescription • Used to treat a wide range of symptoms • Potential for misuse, abuse and dependence

  3. Non-prescription medicines

  4. Definitions Misuse • “The use of a medicine for medical purposes but in an incorrect manner.” (Hughes et al. 1999) Abuse • “The use of a medicine for non-medical purposes e.g. to experience mind-altering effects.” (Hughes et al. 1999)

  5. General population survey Aim: Determine the prevalence of self-reported misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK Method • Cross-sectional, postal survey of 1000 • Pre-notification and two reminders • Questionnaire informed by literature and two existing questionnaires (Watson et al. 2008; Wazaify et al. 2005)

  6. General population survey Secondary aim: Assess the effect of behaviour change techniques on response rate Behaviour change technique “A replicable component of an intervention designed to alter or redirect causal processes that regulate behaviour.” (Michie et al. 2013)

  7. Behaviour change techniques

  8. Behaviour change techniques Cue/prompt “Please now place the questionnaire in a prominent place, i.e. somewhere where seeing it will remind you to complete it.” Self-reward “If you finish completing the questionnaire, why not reward yourself with a cup of tea? We have provided a teabag for you.”

  9. Response (n=974)

  10. Demographics Sex: 50.6% female Age (mean): 60 years Employment: 46% working, 43% retired General health: 71% ‘good’ or ’very good’

  11. Demographics Alcohol: 75% drink alcohol Units per week (median): men=9, women=5.5 Smoking: 49% non-smokers; 39% ex-smokers Ever used drugs: 8% said ‘yes’

  12. Misuse and abuse

  13. Misuse (n=75) Higher dose (13) (3) (14) (16) More often (7) Longer time (18) (4)

  14. ‘Some NPMs may cause dependence or addiction’

  15. Dependence: Do you personally know someone?

  16. Ever been dependent yourself?

  17. Acknowledgements

  18. Can you help? Do you work with people in the UK who are: currently dependent on NPMs or currently receiving treatment for NPM dependence? n.fingleton@abdn.ac.uk

  19. References • Hughes, G. F., McElnay, J. C., Hughes, C. M., & McKenna, P. (1999). Abuse/misuse of non‐prescription drugs. Pharmacy World and Science, 21(6), 251-255. • Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., Eccles, M.P., Cane, J. & Wood, C.E. 2013, "The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions", Annals of Behavioral Medicine, , pp. 1-15. • Watson, M.C., Johnston, M., Bond, C.M., Entwistle, V.A. & Lee, A.J. 2008, Improving customers communication during consultations for non-prescription medicines in community pharmacies, Chief Scientist Office (Reference number: CZH/4/376), Edinburgh. • Wazaify, M., Shields, E., Hughes, C.M. & McElnay, J.C. 2005, "Societal perspectives on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines", Family practice, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 170-176.

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