TYPES OF PESTICIDES

1. TYPES OF PESTICIDES • CHAPTER 13 • Any chemical used to control a pest • Many different kinds

2. INSECTICIDES

3. BROAD SPECTRUM NARROW SPECTRUM CONTACT/ SYSTEMIC

4. CHITIN (primary structural chemical in body wall) SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS-INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MOLTING OF IMMATURES INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS-MIMIC ACTION OF INSECT’S NATURALLY OCCURRING JUVENILE HORMONE. VERY SAFE BUT SLOW PHEROMONES-NATURALLY PRODUCED CHEMICALS USED BY ANIMALS TO COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER

5. SHORT TERM VS RESIDUAL (how long they last)

6. MITICIDES OR ACARACIDES

7. FUNGICIDES • Must have contact • Can be systemic

8. FUNGICIDES 2 approaches: PROTECTANT-before disease ERADICANT-after disease

9. HERBICIDES-pesticides used to control unwanted plants SELECTIVE VS NONSELECTIVE

10. HERBICIDE TIMING • CHECK THE LABEL • PREPLANT-before crop • PREEMERGENT -crop or weed • POSTEMERGENT-selective

11. PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS increases, decreases or changes normal growth or reproduction in a plant HARVEST AIDS desiccants defoliants

12. RODENTICIDES

13. NEMATICIDES

14. MOLLUSCICIDES

15. REPELLANTS pesticides that make a site or food unattractive to a pest

16. TYPES OF PESTICIDES insecticides herbicides fungicides nematicides acaricides molluscides

17. PESTS CHAPTER 12

18. PEST IS ANYTHING THAT: • injures humans, animals, crops, structures or possessions • competes with humans, domestic animals or crops • spreads disease • insects, plant diseases, weeds, vertebrates

19. ID YOUR PESTS! • By knowing the lifecycle of the pest, the damage it causes and when the damage occurs, it will help you to: • know the best time to control the pest • use less pesticide, or use other means of control • avoid injury to the host • avoid injury to the target areas

20. CATEGORIES INSECTSPLANT DISEASES WEEDS VERTEBRATES

21. INSECTS

22. INSECTS

25. Three pairs of jointed legs Three body regions

27. METAMORPHOSIS the series of changes an insect goes through as it develops from egg to adult no metamorphosis-little change from hatch and adult simple or gradual metamorphosis incomplete metamorphosis complete metamorphosis

28. 3 distinct stages: egg, nymph and adult body matures gradually SIMPLE METAMORPHOSIS

29. COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS

30. INSECT-LIKE PESTS

31. PLANT DISEASES FUNGIBACTERIAVIRUS NEMATODES

33. SYMPTOMS galls leafspots wilts cankers blights death of tissue

34. FUNGI

35. BACTERIAL DISEASES

37. VIRUS DISEASES

38. NEMATODES

39. WEEDS can cause skin irritation hay fever harbor pests release toxins contaminate product at harvest compete for water, light and nutrients poison cause off flavors in milk and meat hinder fish growth increase road maintenance costs

40. WEEDS • ANNUALS • summer-sprout in spring • winter-sprout in fall • BIENNIALS • PERENNIALS

41. WEED IDENTIFICATION arrangement of leaves-alternate, opposite, whorled leaf structure-simple, compound leaf shape-ovate, lanceolate, linear arrangement of flowers-inflorescence, axillary flower parts-petals, sepals

42. MAJOR CLASSES OF WEEDS • grasses • sedges • broadleaves

43. VERTEBRATES

44. IPM CHAPTER 11

45. IPM the use of several strategies to prevent or minimize the damage an insect, weed or disease causes.

46. BENEFITS OF IPM • avoids pest resistance to pesticides • minimize the effects on non-target organisms • minimize effects on environment • maintains good public image • saves $$$$

47. BASIC STEPS OF IPM Preventative measures Monitoring/Scouting Assessment Action

48. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES • TO PREVENT PEST BUILDUP • good cultural practices • structural modifications • biological control • physical barriers • resistant varieties

49. PEST ID beneficial? learn lifecycle

50. MONITERING/ SCOUTING early detection is key!