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Chapter Six

Chapter Six. Diversity and Equity: Schooling and African Americans. Major Themes. What dominant ideology(-ies) legitimized the subordination of women/African American/Native Americans?

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Chapter Six

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  1. Chapter Six Diversity and Equity: Schooling and African Americans ch6

  2. Major Themes • What dominant ideology(-ies) legitimized the subordination of women/African American/Native Americans? • What dominant ideology(-ies) legitimize(s) the subordination of women/African American/Native Americans today? • What were called “radical proposals” to reform society and education in the past? • What may be called “radical proposals” to reform society and education today? ch6

  3. Reconstruction 1865-1877 • Thirteenth Amendment • Freedmen's Bureau • Rebuilding the South without slavery at its center • Higher education and political power for African Americans ch6

  4. Redemption 1877 • White southerners regain control • White supremacy laws and voting requirements for blacks established • Destroyed African American gains of Reconstruction ch6

  5. African American Schooling • Vague references to education in state constitutions give way to frameworks for universal public schooling in Reconstruction • Redemption brought renewed efforts to shift resources to white schools, strip blacks of voting rights, and reconfigure constitutions • Black communities, churches, and private citizens supported schools while disparities increased, beginning around 1890 ch6

  6. Booker T. Washington’s Career • The Myth • advanced public education in black communities • “lifting veil of ignorance from Negro race” • The Reality • Washington era featured worst treatment of black public education since slavery • supported state-enforced illiteracy • took accommodationist stance ch6

  7. Washington’s Perception of African American “Inferiority” and Opportunity • Racial evolution • Blacks need to “evolve”; should be grateful for advantages. • Blacks unfit to vote • Blacks should avoid confronting racial prejudice • Hard labor and accumulation of property the key to success • Natural laws of economics would not tolerate racism ch6

  8. W. E. B. Du Bois • Opposed stifling of criticisms of Washington and his followers • Spoke out against continued oppression of black Southerners and prejudice in the North • Self-assertion rather than acquiescence ch6

  9. Concluding Remarks • The struggle over African American schooling, and the distinctions between Washington’s and Du Bois’s perspectives, highlight enduring concerns: • schooling for social stability or a free society? • schooling for employment or intellectual growth? • schooling for social reform or individual human development? • schooling that emphasizes commonalities or differences? • schooling in whose interests? ch6

  10. Developing your Professional Vocabulary • black codes • The Crisis • W. E. B. Du Bois • Freedmen's Bureau • historically black colleges • Mississippi Plan • NAACP • Reconstruction • Redemption • 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments • Tuskegee Institution • Booker T. Washington ch6

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