1 / 17

LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

Learn about the key figures in Latin American independence, their backgrounds, roles, battles, and ultimate impact on the region. San Martin and Bolivar's meeting in Guayaquil and their differing visions for government are explored.

barrym
Download Presentation

LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

  2. Martin & bolivar: • Both considered the two leading figures in the struggle for independence • Knew that independence in one part of Spanish America would bring independence for all • Met only once: Guayaquil (Ecuador) • Differed on organization of government, structure, and forms of government for each of the new countries

  3. Jose de san martin • Led a military campaign in the South *Argentina *Chile *Bolivia *Peru

  4. Jose de san martin • Born in Argentina (1778-1850) • Considered the “liberator” of the South • Was sent to Spain for a formal education & military training (spent 25 years in Spain) • Believed that the liberation of all of Spanish America, including Argentina depended on eliminating the Spanish from the entire continent

  5. Jose de san martin • Surprised the royalist army by attacking over the Andes directly into Chile • 1818: Chile’s independence (offered leadership, turned down) • Moved on to Peru, with Chile’s help

  6. Jose de san martin • July 1821: Overthrew the viceroyalty in Lima, Peru • Was made Chief of State with title of Protector • 1822: Met Bolivar in Guayaquil

  7. Simon Bolivar: Background • July 24, 1783 - December 17, 1830 • Son of a Creole family of Venezuela-- owners of plantations, mines, houses in Caracas, and numerous slaves • Lived and studied in Europe from 1804-1807 • Liberal education and travels in Europe opened his mind to European political thinkers-- Hobbes, Montesquieu, and Rousseau

  8. Simon bolivar: qualifications • A talented but ruthless soldier • Determined • Excellent leader • Politician • A man of contradictions • Abolitionist, son of slave owners • Sought power but also sought freedom • Wanted to rule but also liberate • Idealistic but realistic • Daring

  9. Simon bolivar: role in latinamerican revolutions • Venezuela • 1810 led an uprising to establish a republic • Went as an ambassador to England to gain international support • Declared independence July 5, 1811 • New Granada (Colombia) • Set up headquarters in Orinoco River region and established a capital at Angostura (now Ciudad Bolivar-- Bolivar City) • Began to publish a newspaper and established a liaison with local • 1819-- began plan to invade New Granada (Colombia) • December 1819-- made President and military dictator

  10. Simon bolivar: role in latinamerican revolutions • Ecuador • Efforts lasted about a year, assisted by Antonio Jose de Sucre • Won a key victory at Pichincha (May 24, 1822) that freed Ecuador from Spanish yoke • Peru • Met with San Martin at Guayaquil Conference • Assumed leadership of Peruvian independence movement • December 9, 1824 the Spanish surrendered

  11. Simon bolivar: key battles • Battle of Boyaca(1819) • Invaded New Granada (Colombia) • Surprise attacked the Spanish in an agonizing march during the rainy season which cost ¼ of his army and many British volunteers • Bulk of royalist army surrendered • Great morale boost for troops, 3 days later entered Bogota

  12. Simon bolivar: key battles • Battle of Carabobo (June 1821) • Venezuela • Brought all the caudillo forces (local militias) together into one grand army • Opened the gates of Caracas and earned Venezuela independence • Battle of Ayacucho (see Peruvian Independence Notes) • Destroyed Spanish forces in Peru

  13. Simon bolivar: goals for liberation • Goals for Latin America • Liberty from a colonial power • Legal equality for all men, whatever their class, creed, or color • Unity for South America • A South American Conference

  14. Simon bolivar: results • Known as the Father of Latin American Independence • Bolivia is named after him (Upper Peru which Sucre helped gain independence for in April 1825) • Currency of Venezuela is named after him

  15. Guayaquil meeting: • Bolivar & San Martin meet to discuss further plans for liberation for Peru • Subject of meeting remained a secret • After meeting, San Martin resigned his position, abdicated from his position as Protector, and retired to private life • 1824: San Martin went to France • 1850: died impoverished and in exile

More Related