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ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR A SHORT STORY

ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR A SHORT STORY. Plot. The sequence of events in a story Includes the plot line (WHAT HAPPENS) – 1. Exposition - Background Information that establishes setting & describes situation in which the main characters find themselves

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ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR A SHORT STORY

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  1. ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR A SHORT STORY

  2. Plot The sequence of events in a story • Includes the plot line(WHAT HAPPENS) – 1. Exposition - Background Information that establishes setting & describes situation in which the main characters find themselves 2. Rising Action – One or more characters face/try to solve a problem. 3. Climax – Crucial moment in the story when characters must act.

  3. Plot (P.2) 4. Falling Action (Denouement) – Explores the consequences of the climax. The reader feels the tension in the story begin to ease. 5. Resolution – The Central problem is finally solved, leaving the reader with a sense of completion, although the main character may not feel the same way.

  4. Conflict CONFLICT FOCUSES ON A STRUGGLE BETWEEN TWO OPPOSING FORCES. • Internal vs. External Conflict • Internal – When a character is fighting to control an inner problem. (Ex. Fear, anger, homesickness) • External – When a character is struggling against something outside him or herself.

  5. 5 DIFFERENT TYPES • MAN VS. MAN – Problem with another character • MAN VS. SOCIETY – Problem with the laws of beliefs of a group of people • MAN VS. NATURE – Problem with a force of nature or some aspect of the environment • MAN VS. SELF – Problem with deciding what to do, think, or feel • MAN VS. FATE – Problem that seems beyond the character’s control

  6. Characterization • Usually people or animals • Refers to the technique the author uses to develop characters • Includes: • Direct Characterization - what the author says about the character • Indirect Characterization - what the character does and says, what the other characters say about the character

  7. Characterization (pg. 2) • Types of characters: • Round – A character with many different character traits, like a live person • Flat – A character that has only one or two traits • Static – A character that does not change much through the course of the story. • Dynamic – A character that changes as a result of the story’s events.

  8. Characterization (P.3) • Protagonist – The main character in a literary work • Antagonist – A character or force in conflict with a main character.

  9. Setting • Setting tells us where and when the story takes place • Usually established very early in the story • Includes: location, time period, and immediate detail

  10. Point of view • A.K.A., narrator, personal, speaker, • Types of P.O.V. • Omniscient P.O.V. “All Knowing” – The narrator is not a character in the story and never refers to him/herself with the first person pronoun “I” • First-Person P.O.V. – “I” tells the story. We only know what this person sees and hears. We only learn what “I” chooses – or is able – to tell us.

  11. Point of view (P. 2) - Third-Person Limited P.O.V. – The storyteller zooms in on just one character. We witness the events of a story just as this one character witnesses them.

  12. Guess the P.O.V. • One sunny day, a young woman looked down from her apartment window and saw a young man playing a saxophone. “Cool,” she thought as she swayed in time with the tune. Shortly, a large brown dog sauntered up, sat in front of the musician, and howled along with the music. Then a man in his pajamas yelled from another window. He said the noise woke him up and he was going to call the police. This man was working the night shift and had to sleep all day and liked cats better than dogs anyway.

  13. OMNISCIENT P.O.V. • WHY?

  14. Guess the P.O.V. • I took the subway to Clancy Street, found a spot in front of Park View Apartments, and started to play my sax. I was hoping to attract an audience and, if I was lucky, earn some money. The morning started out great. This girl opened her window and applauded madly. Later, I had a duet with this big howling dog – what a riot! I had to move on, however, when a guy slammed his window shut and called the police – not a music lover.

  15. First-Person P.O.V. • Why?

  16. Guess the P.O.V. • The man couldn’t take any more. It was noon, but he had just fallen asleep, because he had worked the night shift. He had trouble getting to sleep because he was worried – he had just lost his job at the warehouse. And why was he fired? Because he fell asleep on the job. And why had he been so sleepy? Because a barking dog had kept him awake the day before. And here it was again, a barking, howling dog right outside his window! And some beggar playing a horn besides. The man picked up his phone and dialed 911.

  17. Third-Person Limited P.O.V. • Why?

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