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Institutional Networks and Community-driven Adaptation and Mitigation

Institutional Networks and Community-driven Adaptation and Mitigation. Ashwini Chhatre University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Adaptation, Mitigation, and Community. All adaptation is local Some mitigation is local as well Not all mitigation supports adaptation

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Institutional Networks and Community-driven Adaptation and Mitigation

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  1. Institutional Networks and Community-driven Adaptation and Mitigation Ashwini Chhatre University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  2. Adaptation, Mitigation, and Community • All adaptation is local • Some mitigation is local as well • Not all mitigation supports adaptation • Local integration of adaptation and mitigation

  3. Institutional Mediation

  4. Institutional Types • Public institutions • Elected local government • Line ministry agencies, para-statal organizations • Civic institutions • Producer organizations (cooperatives, etc.) • Membership-based non-profit organizations • Market institutions • Commodity markets • Credit market (banks, etc.)

  5. Institutions, Networks, and Co-evolution • Articulation • Access • Feedback • Co-evolution

  6. Adaptive Capacity • Adaptive capacity as a function of the density of cross-scale institutional networks • Capacity to balance adaptation and mitigation • Interventions to increase access and articulation to facilitate self-organization • Investments in local democracy – information, knowledge, leadership

  7. Forests, Adaptation, Mitigation • Estimated 1.2 billion people depend on forests • Forest degradation causes significant emissions • Reducing emissions from forest degradation • Promise of interventions in forestry • Potential negative consequences for the rural poor • Possibile ‘win-win’ scenarios

  8. REDD and Community Forestry • REDD Requirements • Reference scenarios • Monitoring • Forest Carbon Partnership Facility • Room for institutional experiments • Promise of community-owned forests • Positive impact of tenure security • Optimal use of local knowledge

  9. From REDD to communities • A system of positive incentives • Lessons from community forestry for adaptation and mitigation • Limits of project-based interventions • Neglect of trade-offs and leakage • Poor targeting of vulnerable groups • National REDD credits and local distribution of benefits • Institutional networks, access, and articulation

  10. Financial Mechanisms • Budget mechanisms: Ring fencing • Poverty Action Fund, Uganda • Fiscal mechanisms: Ecological value-added tax • ICMS Ecologico, Brazil • Market mechanisms: Carbon as collateral for development • Micro-finance and savings & credit groups • Public-private partnerships

  11. Conclusion • Investment in institutional networks • Cross-scale interventions for community-level adaptation and mitigation • Central role of public institutions, especially elected local governments • A combination of financial mechanisms necessary

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