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Smart Routers for Cross-Layer Integrated Mobility and Service Management in Mobile IPv6 Systems

Authors: Ing -Ray Chen Weiping He Baoshan Gu Presenters: Yao Zheng. Smart Routers for Cross-Layer Integrated Mobility and Service Management in Mobile IPv6 Systems. Introduction Related Work DMAP Model Numerical Results Applicability and Conclusion. Outline. MIPv6 - Mobile IPv6

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Smart Routers for Cross-Layer Integrated Mobility and Service Management in Mobile IPv6 Systems

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  1. Authors: Ing-Ray Chen Weiping He BaoshanGu Presenters: Yao Zheng Smart Routers for Cross-Layer Integrated Mobility and Service Management in Mobile IPv6 Systems

  2. Introduction • Related Work • DMAP • Model • Numerical Results • Applicability and Conclusion Outline

  3. MIPv6 - Mobile IPv6 • A version of mobile IP, it allows an IPv6 node to be mobile and still maintain existing connections; • HMIPv6 - Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 • Proposed enhancement of MIPv6, it is designed to reduce the amount of signaling required and to improve handoff speed for mobile connections; • MAP – Mobility Anchor Point • Serving as a local entity to aid in mobile handoffs, it can be located anywhere within a hierarchy of routers; Introduction

  4. HA - home agent • A router on a mobile node’s home network that maintains information about the device’s current location, as identified in its CoA; • CoA - care of address • A temporary IP address for a mobile node that enables message delivery when the device is connecting from somewhere other than its home network; • Location handoff • Mobile node moves across a subnet boundary; • Service handoff • Mobile node moves across a DMAP domain boundary; Introduction

  5. The essence of DMAPwSRis the notion of integrated mobility and service management, which is achieved by determining an optimal service area size; • The objective is to minimize the total network signaling and communication overhead in servicing the mobile node’s mobility and service management operations; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  6. DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  7. Intra-regional move • When the MN subsequently crosses a subnet but is still located within the service area, it would inform the MAP of the CoA address change without informing the HA and CNs to reduce the network signaling cost; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  8. Inter-regional move • The mobile node makes the AR of the subnet as the DMAP when it crosses a service area, and it also determines the size of the new service area; • MN acquires a RCoA as well as a CoA from the current subnet and registers the address pair to the current DMAP in a binding request message; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  9. Inter-regional move • The MN also informs the HA and CNs of the new RCoA address change in another binding message so that the HA and CNs would know the MN by its new RCoA address; • DMAP intercepts the packet destined for RCoA, inspects the address pair stored in the internal table, finds out MN’s CoA and forwards the packet to the MN through tunneling; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  10. DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  11. A MN’s service area can be modeled as consisting of K IP subnets; • The MN appoints a new DMAP only when it crosses a service area whose size is determined based on the mobility and service characteristics of the MN in the new service area; • The service area size of the DMAP is not necessarily uniform; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  12. A large service area size means that the DMAP will not change often, while a small service area size means that the DMAP will be changed often so it will stay close to the MN; • There is a trade-off between two cost factors and an optimal service area exists; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  13. The service and mobility characteristics of a MN are summarized by two parameters: • The resident time that the MN stays in a subnet, represented by using the MN’s mobility rate σ; • The service traffic between the MN and server applications, represented by using the data packet rate λ; • The ratio of λ/ σ is called the service to mobility ratio (SMR) of the MN; DMAPwSR with Smart Routers

  14. A computational procedure to determine the optimal service area size • The intent to find the optimal service area based on the MN’s mobility and service behaviors • The computational procedure requires • Every AR must be capable of acting as a MAP • Each MN must be powerful enough to collect data dynamically and perform simple statistical analysis Model

  15. Aim to minimize the communication cost • The signaling overhead for mobility management for informing the DMAP of the CoA changes • Informing the HA and CNs of the RCoA changes • The communication overhead for service management for delivering data packets between the MN and CNs Model

  16. Model

  17. Model

  18. K (Guard:Mark(Xs)<K-1) Intra Pi=1 A Moves K Xs MN2DMAP Pj=1 Move NewDMAP B (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K) (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K-1) A token represents a subnet crossing event by the MN Stochastic Petri Net

  19. K A temporary place holds tokens from transition A Mark(Xs) holds the number of subnets crossed in a service area Mark(Moves)=1 means that the MN just moves aross a subnet (Guard:Mark(Xs)<K-1) Intra Pi=1 A Moves K Xs MN2DMAP Pj=1 Move NewDMAP B (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K) (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K-1) Stochastic Petri Net-Places

  20. A guard for transition A that is enabled if a move will not cross a service area A timed transition for the MN to inform the HA and CNs of the RCoA change K A timed transition for the MN to inform the DMAP of the CoA change A timed transition for the MN to move across subnet areas (Guard:Mark(Xs)<K-1) Intra Pi=1 A Moves K Xs MN2DMAP Pj=1 Move NewDMAP B (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K) (Guard:Mark(Xs)=K-1) A guard for transition B that is enabled if a move will cross a service area Stochastic Petri Net-Transitions

  21. Pi: The steady-state probability that the system is found to contain i tokens in place Xs such that Mark(Xs)=i Ci,service: The communication overhead for the network to service a data packet when MN is in the i-th subnet in the service area A delay in the wireless link form the AR to the MN A delay between the DMAP and a CN in the fixed network A delay from DMAP to the AR of the MN’s current subnet in the fixed network Cost of Service Management

  22. Ci,location: The network signaling overhead to service a location handoff operation given the MN is in the i-th subnet in the service area • If i < K • Only a minimum signaling cost will incurred for the MN to inform the DMAP of the CoA address change • If i = K • The location handoff also triggers a service handoff • A service handoff will incur higher communication signaling cost to inform the HA and N CNs of the RCoA address change Cost of Location Management

  23. A location handoff and a service handoff A minimum signaling cost for the MN to inform the DMAP of the CoA address change Cost of Location Management

  24. Summarizing above, the total communication cost per time unit for the Mobile IP network operating under DMAPwSRscheme to service operations associated with mobility and service management of the MN is calculated as: Service management cost Mobility management cost Cost of DMAPwSR

  25. A service area under hexagonal network coverage model Numerical Results

  26. A service area under mesh network coverage model Numerical Results

  27. Access point locations at Dartmouth College campus Numerical Results

  28. MIPv6 A delay in the wireless link from the AR to the MN A communication delay from the CN to the AR of the current subnet A delay in the wireless link from the MN to the AR of the subnet that it just enters into A delay from that AR to the HA A delay from that AR to the CNs Numerical Results

  29. HMIPv6 • The placement of MAPs is predetermined • Each MAP covers a fixed number of subnets • KH= 4 • A MN crosses a subnet within a MAP • It only informs the MAP of its CoA • A MN crosses a MAP • Changes the MAP • Obtain a new RCoA • Informs the HA and CNs of the new RCoA Numerical Results

  30. Cost difference between basic MIPv6, HMIPv6, and DMAPwSR Numerical Results

  31. Cost ratio between DMAPwSR and MIPv6/HMIPv6 Numerical Results

  32. Effect of α and β on cost difference between HMIPv6 and DMAPwSR Numerical Results

  33. Simulation versus analytical results: cost difference between HMIPv6 and DMAPwSR Numerical Results

  34. Cost difference under movement-based versus distance-based service area simulation Numerical Results

  35. Cost difference under different residence time distribution Numerical Results

  36. Cost difference under different residence time distribution Numerical Results

  37. Optimal K versus SMR under various time distributions Numerical Results

  38. Cost difference under different network coverage model Numerical Results

  39. A novel DMAP scheme for integrated mobility and service management • To apply the analysis results in the paper, one can execute the computational procedure at static time to determine optimal Kopt over a possible range of parameter value Conclusion

  40. Q & A

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