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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Review: What makes up the Nervous System?. The brain Spinal cord Nerves 2 types of cells: n eurons: send and receive signals glial cells: protect, support, and insulate neurons. Review: What are the two types of neurons?. Sensory neurons What do sensory neurons do?

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Review: What makes up the Nervous System? • The brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • 2 types of cells: • neurons: send and receive signals • glial cells: protect, support, and insulate neurons

  3. Review: What are the two types of neurons? • Sensory neurons • What do sensory neurons do? • Cells that monitor stimuli and send signals to the spinal cord or brain. • Motor neurons • What do motor neurons do? • Cells that carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles, glands, or other neurons

  4. Let’s take a closer look at a neuron. • Dendrites-branchlike structures on the cell body that receive the signal • Cell body-Central part of the neuron that contains the cell nucleus • Axon-rod-like extension off of cell body which conducts signal through neuron • On your diagram, label dendrite, cell body, cell nucleus, and axon.

  5. A Neuron Glial cell

  6. How are neurons organized? • Each neuron connects to 100’s of thousands of other neurons.

  7. How is a signal sent? • First, a stimulus happens. A stimulus is any incoming information that causes a response. • The signal moves from the • stimulus dendrites cell body  axon  another neuron. • Sensory neurons detect the stimulus, and begin to send an electrical signal that passes through several neurons. • The signal then starts all over in another neuron.

  8. Is it that easy? • No. • When the signal gets to the end of a neuron, it comes to a synapse, or a small space between the neurons.

  9. What happens at the synapse? In order to transmit the signal from one neuron to another across the synapse, the neuron releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters act as chemical messengers from one neuron to another.

  10. Neurotransmitters and Disease • Dopamine is a neurotransmitter related to muscular function • Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with “happy” nerve signals

  11. Once a signal is sent through the neurons, where does it go? • It is usually sent to the brain, processed, and then another signal is sent through the motor neurons to induce movement or give a response.

  12. Think about when you touch a hot object. • You withdraw your hand without having to think at all. • Your brain processes it later. • This quick response to a stimulus that does not require a trip to the brain is called a reflex arc.

  13. The brain is not involved in a reflex arc. Look at the picture describe where the signal is sent and how it is returned.

  14. Ms. Plecki’s Biology Class Proudly Presents…. A Biodrama on The Nervous System

  15. Study your notes for 3 minutes.

  16. Motor Neurons • Left hand= dendrite • Body= cell body • Right hand= axon

  17. http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/curriculum/brain/pa03pdf/0301E-Wires.pdf

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