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Marking gear location Mark Baumgartner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Marking gear location Mark Baumgartner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ropeless ( buoyless ) fishing Taking away the end line and buoy requires the functions of these components to be replaced: Function 1: Retrieval of the gear Lift bags (variable buoyancy) Bottom-stowed rope

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Marking gear location Mark Baumgartner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

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  1. Marking gear location Mark Baumgartner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

  2. Ropeless (buoyless) fishing • Taking away the end line and buoy requires the functions of these components to be replaced: • Function 1: Retrieval of the gear • Lift bags (variable buoyancy) • Bottom-stowed rope • Function 2: Marking the location of the gear

  3. Ropeless fishing and gear conflict NMFS Concept Paper on ropeless fishing (Nov 2010): Problems with gear conflicts are the main reason why buoy lineless fisheries are not being conducted on a broad-scale basis. Any unmarked fixed gear would be susceptible to being towed through by mobile gear fisheries (bottom trawl, scallop dredge, etc.), and set over by other fixed gear and vice versa. Therefore, in order to encourage buoy lineless fishery operations, …gear conflicts would need to be addressed.

  4. One approach: • Have fishermen mark the location of the gear on a plotter or other system when they deploy, and then share those locations with other fishermen • Pros: Relatively cheap, solutions exist today • Cons: (1) Fishermen are not keen to share fishing locations, (2) most fishing boats not equipped with satellite communications, (3) can be manipulated, and (4) unhelpful for gear that has moved (e.g., by a storm)

  5. Acoustic approach • Acoustically mark the location of each trap (singles) or the ends of each trawl • Enable the trap/trawl to report its position to fixed or mobile fishermen • Enable the trap/trawl to report its owner’s registration/permit information to enforcement • Enable commercial chart plotters to display the positions of acoustically marked fixed gear Acoustic modems

  6. Acoustic approach (continued) • Pros: (1) Reports only to ships that are nearby, (2) reported locations are associated with gear that is actually on the sea floor, (3) allows recovery of gear moved after deployment (e.g., in a storm), and (4) can take advantage of acoustic communications already needed to trigger retrieval • Cons: Potentially expensive (at least initially) Acoustic modems

  7. Technology • Acoustic modems allow data to be passed through water via acoustical waves the way cell phone modems allow data to be passed through air via radio waves • Proven technology with several commercial manufacturers: Teledyne Benthos, Nortek, EvoLogics, Sonardyne, and AquaSeNT • Propose to use modems on traps and on ships to acoustically “mark” location of on-bottom gear

  8. Trap deployment GPS satellite constellation Trap modem w/GPS Lift bag Note: trap not to scale

  9. Trap deployment GPS satellite constellation

  10. Ship with surface modem

  11. Data sent from ship to trap: Date/time Position of ship Ship identifier Data sent from trap to ship: Public data Last known position of trap (GPS/ranging) Private (encrypted) data Last surface date/time Fisherman’s registration number Unique device identifier User-designated identification number Sensor data (e.g., trap occupancy)

  12. Fisherman Enforcement Regulators Data Warehouse Trap modem data (public and private) • Data warehouse (cloud) operated by • Private company • Fisheries commission • Government

  13. Trap recovery

  14. Gear that moves from its deployment location • Locations in the data warehouse can be used to alert fishermen of… • The fact that their gear has moved • The new location of their gear • System can greatly reduce lost gear, time spent looking for lost gear, and costs • Can significantly reduce ghost gear

  15. Your trawl #29 has moved. It was detected by a ship 5 hours ago at 41 18.43 N, 70 36.22 W ???

  16. Development • Acoustic modems are commercially available, but development is required to • Incorporate retrieval trigger mechanism • Incorporate GPS and self-localization capability • Communication and data protocols to ensure interoperability (e.g., JANUS)

  17. Development (continued) • WHOI is working on this… • Incorporated WHOI Micromodem-based trap modem in 2 retrieval systems (SMELTS lift bag, WHOI spooled rope) • Will incorporate GPS this winter • Developed methodology for self-localization • Plan to demonstrate these capabilities for fishermen and regulators • Provide open access to methods and software

  18. Development (continued) • Cost depends on design and demand WHOI trap modem Commercial acoustic modem Engineering rule of thumb: As production increases by a factor of ten, cost goes down by a factor of 2

  19. Thank you! Acknowledgements Funding: Island Foundation Lift bag: Richard Riels (SMELTS) Spooled rope: Tim Werner (NEAq) Useful discussions: Jim Partan, Keenan Ball (WHOI) Your trawl #29 has moved. It was detected by a ship 5 hours ago at 41 18.43 N, 70 36.22 W

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