1 / 24

BURNS

BURNS. Emergency Department Warwick Hospital. Background. A common cause of A&E attendance Almost all of us have experienced burn injury Peak incidence 0-5, 20-29 & >75 years Significant morbidity results while most are not life threatening High risk of death in very young & old

base
Download Presentation

BURNS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BURNS Emergency Department Warwick Hospital

  2. Background • A common cause of A&E attendance • Almost all of us have experienced burn injury • Peak incidence 0-5, 20-29 & >75 years • Significant morbidity results while most are not life threatening • High risk of death in very young & old • Always consider NAI in children under 5

  3. Causes & Incidence • Scald 33.6% • Flame 29.2% • Hot surfaces 12.2% • Chemicals 9.1% • Electrical 3.6% • Others 12.4% * Others would include sun, friction and radiation burns.

  4. Pathophysiology *stopping the burning process is essential to stop an initially superficial burn to progress to a full thickness burn that requires surgery. The larger the BSA, the more the fluid and heat loss. The more the depth, the more the damage to nerve endings and epithelium.

  5. Classification of Burn Epidermal Superficial dermal partial thickness Mid dermal partial thickness Deep dermal partial thickness Full thickness

  6. Other Classifications 1st Degree – Superficial Epidermal 2nd Degree – Superficial Dermal 3rd Degree – Deep or full thickness burn

  7. Depth & Clinical Features • 1st Degree - Erythema, no blisters, painful • 2nd Degree – Pink/Mottled, Blisters, painful • 3rd Degree – Dry, pale, dark, leathery, and no pain * Pain is inversely proportional to the depth of burn injury

  8. First Degree

  9. Second Degree

  10. Third Degree

  11. Burn Surface Area (BSA) • Use Wallace rule of 9 or the Palm of the patient hand • Minor < 10% children or 15% adults • Major>10% children & 15% adults • Lund & Browder chart is more accurate

  12. Rule of Nines

  13. Management • Immediate Life Saving Measures . Safety . Remove patient from cause of burn & stop the burning Process . Check ABC & First Aid

  14. Assessment in ED . History . Primary Survey ABCDE . Check for signs of inhalation stridor is an indication for intubation . Estimate extent and depth of burn

  15. ABC Strategy Airway & C-spine control Breathing & signs of inhalation Circulation & Perfusion/Fluids Disability & Pain control Environment – skin integrity & temperature

  16. Signs of Inhalation • Fire in an enclosed/confined space • Face and neck burns • Singeing of eyebrows & nasal hair • Hoarse voice • Dyspnea • Carbonaceous sputum • Brassy cough • Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) >10%

  17. Fluid Resuscitation • Indicated in Burns >5% in children & >10% in adults • Use Hartmann’s or Normal Saline • Parkland formula recommended • Monitor adequacy by normal urine output • Follow the Departmental fluid requirement chart

  18. Burns Transfer – Fluid Chart

  19. Secondary Survey • Head to toe examination for associated injuries. • Assess peripheral circulation in circumferential burns • Analgesia – Morphine preferred • Antibiotics & Tetanus • Wound dressing

  20. Burn Wound Dressing • Deroof/decompress blisters if possible • Adequate wound cleaning before dressing • Flamazine, Mepitel or Urgotul SSD. • Face - leave exposed (Polyfax or Chloramphenicol ointment) • Hand - Flamazine hand bag or light Mepitel dressing. The fingers must move. • In transfer use cling film or sterile sheet • Review all dresings within 48 hrs

  21. Chemical Burns • Usually Acids/Alkali but remember Phenols/Petroleum products. • Alkali burns generally worse than acids (due to penetration) • Flush with large amount of water • Measure the Ph • Neutralizing agents available? • Consult the National poisons centre

  22. Electrical Burns • Usually more serious than they appear • History of fit/thrown over • Unconsciousness or depressed GCS • Entry and Exit wounds • Changes in ECG, myoglobinuria or abnormal CK/Troponin • Admit if any of the above present

  23. Indication for Transfer • Superficial burns – child >5%, Adult >10% • Significant burns of special areas • Significant full thickness burns • Presence of inhalation injury • Significant Electrical and Chemical burns • Radiation burns • Associated major trauma

  24. Questions

More Related