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Human Anatomy & Physiology. Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System. Cardiovascular System. Layers of heart wall Pericardium Parietal Visceral Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium Heart valves . Basically 2 pumps Right Pulmonary circulation Left
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Human Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System
Cardiovascular System • Layers of heart wall • Pericardium • Parietal • Visceral • Epicardium • Myocardium • Endocardium • Heart valves
Basically 2 pumps • Right • Pulmonary circulation • Left • Systemic circulation
Heart Chambers & vessels • Right atrium • Superior vena cava • Inferior vena cava • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary artery • Left atrium • Pulmonary veins (2) • Left Ventricle • Aorta
Heart Valves Semilunar Outflow valves Pulmonary Aortic Atrioventricular Strong Tricuspid Bicuspid Mitral
Coronary circulation • First branch off aorta • Left • Anterior descending • Circumflex • Right
Conduction pathway • SA node • Pacemaker • AV node • Bundle of His • Left & Right bundle branches • Purkinje fibers
Blood Vessels • Arteries • distribution of nutrients • maintenance of blood pressure • Veins • takes waste products back to heart for circulation & disposal • valves keep flow going in one direction • Capillaries • where internal respiration occurs • i.e. the exchange of O2 & CO2 between vessel & cell • where exchanges occur for nutrients, wastes, and fluids
Blood Composition • Blood = Plasma (55%) + Formed Elements (45%) • Plasma = the liquid faction of blood; blood minus its formed element • Serum = plasma minus clotting factors
Anemia Hemophilia Leukemia Phlebitis Varicose veins Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Thrombus & embolus Hypertension Congestive heart failure Coronary artery disease Angina Myocardial infarction Pathology(diseases)
Structures Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lacteals Lymph nodes Tonsils Peyer’s patches Thymus Spleen Thoracic duct Lymphocytes B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Functions Immunity (defense) Remove excess fluids Lymphatic System
Respiratory System • Structures • Upper respiratory tract • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Lower respiratory tract • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Lungs • Left = 2lobes • Right = 3 lobes • Pleura • Parietal • Visceral • Functions • Ventilation • Respiration
Pathology of Respiratory System • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) • Asthma • Emphysema • Chronic bronchitis (bronchiectasis) • Lung cancer • Pneumonia • Pleurisy • Tuberculosis (see next slide)
3 accessory organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Structures Mouth Salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large intestine Cecum (appendix) Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus Digestive System
Functions • Ingestion • Digestion • Absorption • Villi • Capillaries • Lacteals • Elimination • “busiest” area • Duodenum
Intestinal wall & absorption • Folds of mucous membrane • Rugae • Plicae • Villi • Microvilli
Peptic ulcers Gastroenteritis Peritonitis Hepatitis Cirrhosis Gallstones Pancreatitis Hernia Diaphragmatic Umbilical Inguinal Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Colon cancer Pathology of the Digestive System