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PLACEBOS

PLACEBOS. The Placebo Effect. The medical phenomena in which a person’s belief results in that treatment having the expected consequences of those beliefs upon health. Behind the Phenomena.

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PLACEBOS

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  1. PLACEBOS

  2. The Placebo Effect • The medical phenomena in which a person’s belief results in that treatment having the expected consequences of those beliefs upon health

  3. Behind the Phenomena • The patient's belief about what the placebo will do is linked to changes in the body's neurological regulatory systems *esp in the cerebral cortex • These systems help regulate homeostasis and the body's response to illness through the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

  4. Substances • An pharmalogically inert chemical is given to the patient, in the form of pills, creams, inhalants, tablets, shots, etc. • ‘Empty meds’ • Some placebo pills contain nothing more than sugar

  5. Surgery • ‘Sham surgery’ • Involves only the skin • May include superficial insertions • Typically used in the treatment of osteoarthritis • By false information • eg,. When electrical stimulation is “switched off” in those w/ Parkinson’s

  6. Other Forms of Placebo Treatments • Medical devices that only appear functional • Acupuncture over non-effective acupuncture points • Non-believers of traditional medicine may also argue that it is a form of placebo • Some historians believe that placebo effects were responsible for the efficacy of most medicine until the twentieth century. • Some reason that the physician himself is a placebo

  7. Factors that Enhance Efficacy • Colours (pills) • High price • Substance is pre-associated with past experience with a real effect • Adherence in regularly taking them • Administration by an authority figure (doctor, bomoh – medicine man, etc)

  8. GOOD or BAD? • Further research into the intimate relationship between the mind and the body • Harmful substances/surgery not required • Can be used to determine whether a suspected condition was of psychological (possibly hypochondria) or physical origin • Withdrawal symptoms • Overcharging • In Malaysia, no specific law governs the prescription of placebos – mostly based on what is deemed ‘ethical’ by medical figure / society

  9. THE PLACEBO EFFECT DOES IT ACTUALLY EXIST?

  10. NOCEBOS

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