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Professional Driver Training Seminar. Innovative Training Techniques “The use of Simulators to enhance the Learning Experience”. Istanbul, 29 September 2005. Teppo Tenkanen Head of Training, STC Training Centre, Finland. The simulation.
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Professional Driver Training Seminar Innovative Training Techniques“The use of Simulators to enhance the Learning Experience” • Istanbul, 29 September 2005 Teppo Tenkanen Head of Training, STC Training Centre, Finland Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
The simulation • Simulation is a procedure, which tries to emulate a complicated event. • A simulator is a device used for simulation. Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
The main goal • The main goal of training simulators is to achieve learning which improve the right decision making and learning in real situations. Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
The bus simulator project SimBus Approval by authorities Building, testing Definition The idea Safely driving: simulator CBT: ILC for customer service Need for modern, effective and economic training tools Huge demand on training: customers needs, increase of costs, increase of accidents, EU directive Training needs Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Development of SimBus • The simulator has been developed in a project with Korsisaari Group (www.korsisaari.fi), Motiva Oy (www.motiva.fi), Team Larus Oy (www.larus.net), Team Simrac Oy (www.simrac.com) and TTS Institute (www.tts.fi). Significant expertise was brought to the project by The Finnish Vehicle Administration AKE (www.ake.fi) , Autoliikenteen Työnantajaliitto (www.altnet.fi) , Auto- ja Kuljetusalan työntekijäliitto (www.akt.fi) , Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland (www.mintc.fi) , Ministry of education (www.minedu.fi), Liikenneturva (www.liikenneturva.fi) , Finnish Motor Insurers’ Centre, Finnish Bus and Coach Association (www.linja-autoliitto.fi) and Finnish Road Administration (www.tiehallinto.fi) . The project was supported by National Technology Agency of Finland Tekes (www.tekes.fi). • Development work continues with FCBO (www.fcbo.be), Tampere University of Technology and many other parties with support of National Technology Agency of Finland Tekes. Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Top-of-the-range simulator • The project defined top-of-the-range simulator • Authorities approved definition and the simulator • simulator can be used for 15 hours of 60 driving hours (D licence) • survey of learning results Ministry’s statute The Minister of Traffic and Communications Leena Luhtanen dedicated the simulator 24.2.2004 Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
SimBussimulator The bus simulator, as defined, is a device that as closely as possible emulates a bus in traffic. The moving base makes it possible for the bus to move in different directions, real sounds, real control devices and the cabin of a real bus make the device so realistic that the driver feels like driving a real bus. Real bus cabin The bus simulator is based on a bus modified so, that driving is possible with both manual and automatic gearbox. Basically the simulator is a two-axle, 13-meter bus, which can be changed in the software. Chassis length is about 5 meters, width about 2.55 meters and height about 3.1 meters. Weight including the movement platform is about 4 000 kg. Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Driver station Simulator control devices: Steering, adjustable steering wheel Manual and automatic gearbox Gas pedal, Clutch, Brakes, retarder Parking brake, Horn, Headlight controls Blinkers, Tachograph Instrument panel and indicator lights Door functions (front door) Kneeling of chassis Radio, Microphone for announcements Adjustable mirrors, Cabin fan controls Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Instructor station Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Instructor station Instructor station can be placed also outside of the bus Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Benefits of virtual environment • learning by doing, also by doing mistakes safely • possibility to control and change environment • weather: clear, rain, snow, wind, mist • road environment: city, rural, highway • also road surfaces: tarmac, gravel, icy/slippery • other traffic • possibility to systematic learning process • From easy tasks to challenging situations • possibility to repeat the exercise • neutral feedback: computer gives figures Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Benefits of learning with simulator • Safety • Cost efficiency: no gasoline, no insurance, very low service costs • No traffic blocks if not wanted • Wanted exercise starts immediately • Possibility of augmented and simplified reality • Possibility to individual training and independent training • Equal scenarios to everybody, e.g. economic driving Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Efficient training Exercise: different crossings Time needed: • in simulator 0,5 h • including report and feedback • with bus in traffic 1,5 h 40 minutes in simulator = 1 hour in traffic VTenL, AFT-Iftim Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Different scenarios Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Possibility to augmented and simplified reality Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Briefing and debriefing Reports, replays, statistics Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
New drivers choosing the students handling the vehicle driving in traffic economical driving anticipating driving dangerous and extreme situations testing of skills Advanced drivers anticipating driving economical driving dangerous and extreme situations to become familiar with new vehicles Possibilities to use driving simulator Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Running costs SimBus Bus Investment 500 000 250 000 Utility years 15 10 Depreciation/year 33 333 25 000 usage hours 4 000 4 000 driving kilometres 100 000 100 000 repairs 4 000 18 000 insurance 0 1 500 software updates 8 600 0 energy 8 000 23 800 rent of space (100 sqm) 9 600 0 All together 63 533 68 300 Costs per hour 15,88 17,08 Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
One trainer, several trainees Simulator 1 Independent learning with computers Simulator 2 Trainer Simulator 3 Simulator 4 Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Challenges • Reality • correspondence to reality • Training programmes • possibility of ”chunking” = too heavy load to handle • Need for careful planning: resources, other methods, training curriculum • Simulator sickness • some persons suffer of simulator sickness • many factors • research: Tampere University of Technology at Hypermedialaboratory Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005
Professional Driver Training Seminar Professional Driver Training Seminar 29-30 Sep 2005