情态动词

1. 情态动词 洪翔中学英语组

2. 情态动词的运用是高考英语单项选择几乎每年必考的要点。根据近几年对全国部分高考题的分析，主要归纳为以下几个考查热点：情态动词的运用是高考英语单项选择几乎每年必考的要点。根据近几年对全国部分高考题的分析，主要归纳为以下几个考查热点： 1.情态动词表示推测; 2.情态动词 + have done 结构； 3.特定的语气; 4.情态动词基本用法.

3. 一.情态动词表示推测的用法 情态动词可用来表示推测,语气从强到弱的顺序是： must，should，can，may，could，might。 １．must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握， 意为“一定”。 ２．can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 ， can’t或couldn’t 表示“不可能” ３．may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作 或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。

4. She may not be at home. She can’t be at home. They should be there right now. At this moment, our teacher must be  correcting our exam papers. 情态动词+do 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测 情态动词+be doing。 表示对正在进行的情况的推测

5. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. There is nobody here. They must have  all gone home. must/may/might + have done 表示对过去情况推测 (肯定，可能，也许已经…)

6. 1.--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?--I’m not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might2.Mary __be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago．A．mustn't B．can't C．shouldn't D．may not D B

7. A 3.--_____the news be true?—No, it_____be true.A. Can, can’t B. May, can’t C. May, may not D. Must, mustn’t 注意:may和might都不用于疑问句中。 （正）Can ／Could it be cloudy tomorrow ？ （误）May ／Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？

8. 拓展 are You can’t be serious, _____you? The childrenmust have watered the tomatoes yesterday, _______they﹖ didn’t The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, _______hehe﹖ hasn’t

9. 二.情态动词+have done • 表示对过去所发生事情的推测或带有某 种语气. 1. I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. must have done (过去)肯定/一定… (用于肯定句中)

10. 2. ＊— There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. —It couldn’t have been a comfortable journey. can’t/couldn’t have done(过去)不可能…

11. 3. ● He may not have finished the exercises, I’m afraid. 4. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. may/might have done(过去)或许/可能做 …(用于肯定或否定句中) could have done (过去)本能够做 (用于肯定或否定句中,带有责备、劝告之意)

12. 5. ●When we got to the cinema, the film hadn’t started, so we needn’t have worried. ●—Mary didn’t turn up last night, did she? —No, she didn’t need to come. We had changed our plan. needn’t have done (过去)本来不必做… (没有必要做而实际上也没做).

13. 6.She shouldn’t have taken away my tape, for I wanted to use it. should /ought to have done (过去)本应该做(而实际上未做),用于否定句 时则表示过去不该做的事反而做了 (带有后悔、埋怨或责备的语气）。

14. 注意： can't ---不可能 mustn't --禁止，不允许 mustn't have done--（不存在）

15. (06陕西） As you worked late yesterday, you ___ have come this morning. B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t A A. needn’t

16. A ◆(04全国) Mr. White_____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. B. should arrive C. should had arrived D. should be arriving ◆(04福建) —I’ll tell Marry about her new job tomorrow. —You ____ her last week. A. ought to tell B. could have told C. must tell A. should have arrived D D. should have told

17. (05福建) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ____ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done B B. needn’t have done

18. (NMET 05) He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should C. wouldn’t D. can’t B B. must

19. (00 上海) My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he ______ your lecture. B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended A A. couldn’t have attended

20. 三.几个情态动词的特定语气 Shall 1. 在疑问句中,用于第1、3人称,表示征求对方意见. 例如: Shall the driver wait outside ? 2. 在肯定句中,用于第2、3人称,表示警 告、允诺、命令或威胁. 例如:

21. You shall answer for it if you go on behaving like that. • If you work well, you shall have a rise. • He shallbe punished • Nobodyshallthrow away rubbish everywhere.

22. ＊Churchill warned Hitler “ If you dare to invade Britain, you shall pay for it with great loss. ＊(04湖南） —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. —You shan’t have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

23. 3.用在法律、条约、规定时。 ＊(02上海) It has been announced that candidatesshallremain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. ＊(04重庆)“The interestshall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides” declared the judge. ＊The sign says all payments shall be made in cash.

24. Should 1.据经验或事实来表达合理的推断。 1)Mary took dancing classes for years; she should be an excellent dancer. 2)It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 3)It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. Thereshould not be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.

25. 2. 表惊讶、惋惜、不满等情绪,常译为“竟然”. ＊(01上海) You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude. ＊I’m surprised that you should have done such a thing. ＊Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible.

26. 3. Should + 动词原形表虚拟, 可省略. ＊在表建议、要求、命令、主张等动词的宾语从句中 。常见的动词有: insist, order, command; suggest, advice, propose; demand, request, require, and ask and so on. 例如: Mike insisted that she didn’t steal anything and (should) not be scolded.

27. ＊用于 It is suggested /proposed/ desired /strange /necessary /important /essential /natural /a pity等的主语从句中. ＊用于表示建议、命令、主张、愿望、目的等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中。如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, request, requirement, wish, desire, idea, aim等。例如；

28. (06江苏） — I think I’ll give Bob a ring. —You _____. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D D. should

29. Must • 偏要，硬要。 （2005全国 Ⅱ、Ⅲ） John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (2004天津） —Who is the girl standing over there? —Well, if you must know, her name is Marry.

30. (06浙江） —Can I have a word with you, mum? —Oh, dear, if you _______. A. can C. may D. should • (06山东） —May I smoke here? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may B B. must D D. must

31. D • Why _____ you always leave your dirty clothes in the bedroom? A. need B. can C. may D. must

32. 四.情态动词基本用法 • Must 必须 (04 上海) Children under 12 years of age in that country must be under adult supervision when in a public library.

33. Can/Could • 用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中常表推测、惊讶、怀疑、不相信的语气： 1）— Who can it be? — It can’t be him. He has gone to Xi’an. 2）How can you be so careless? What can he possibly mean?

34. (03上海) How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article. B. must C. need D. may A A. can

35. (04全国卷II) You ____ be tired — you’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t D. may not • (06全国卷I) There is no light on — They ____ at home. B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t C C. can’t A A. can’t

36. (06福建） If it weren’t for the fact that she ____ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t D. might not • (06四川） —Is Jack on duty today? —It ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. won’t D. needn’t C. can’t C. can’t

37. Can 在肯定句中使用表示 1)有时候的可能性: ● The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be slow.(05浙江). ●He canbe friendly at times.

38. 2) 理论上的可能性,并不涉及具体某事是否真会发生,主要是说明人和事物的特征: 1.Even expert drivers can make mistakes. 2.(2003) A left-luggage office is a place where bags canbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station. 3. Training by yourself in a gymcan be highly dangerous. 4. Bird Flu can be dangerous.

39. Making choices ____ difficult, especially when there is no one to turn to for advice. A. might B. should D. must C C. can

40. 但是在表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时不可用can, 用may/might/could. 1) He may /might / could be in the library. 2)A snowstorm can be exciting, but too much snow can cause trouble. 3) This storm may/might/could last several days.

41. Could 表可能性,语气较弱; 表请求,较委婉。 —Could you lend me some money? —Yes , I can. (98 上海) “ Could I call you by your first name?” “ Yes, you _____. A. will B. could D. might C C. may

42. was able to 和 could 的区别 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but every one was able to get out. （强调经过一番努力后成功做到某事. ＊He didn’t agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him. ＊She could sing when she was young. (一般能力)

43. Can的惯用语 1.can’t (help/choose) but + v (不得不） I can’t help but admire your bravery. 2. can’t help doing.区别 /can’t help (to) do. 3. can’t help it. “ Why are you crying?” “ I just can’t help it. 4. can’t/ couldn’t 与too, enough连用. You can’t be too careful. 再…也不过分 I can’t thank you too much.

44. Will/Would • 意志、愿望和决心。 1)I will never do that again. 2)If you will wait over for a long time, Mr. Smith, I will tell our manager you’ve arrived. • 习惯、倾向，多用于第三人称。 He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing. Boys will be boys.

45. 坚决拒绝。 I won’t listen to your nonsense. The dog wouldn’t stop barking. • 表临时的决定 “ You forgot to post my letter.” “ Sorry, I will post it .

46. Used to do /would do 1) She isn’t what she used to be. ( 表对比) 2) We would sit in the yard every Sunday and listen to his story.( 表过去习惯性动作)

47. May/Might • 表不确定的可能性. 1)(NMET00) “ Are you coming to Jeff’s party? “I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. 2)Petermaycome with us, but he isn’t very sure yet.

48. 用于祈使句,表示祝愿. May youreturn safe and sound. May you be happy! may/might as well do ……不妨,不如 Now that you’ve got so far with the work, you might finish it as well.

49. dare and need