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Evolution in Volvocine Algae. Colonial. Unicellular. Common ancestor – not direct line. Unicellular -. Single cell. Colonial -. Different configurations. Isogamous -. Identical gametes. Eyespot -. Detect UV light. Flagella -. Propel the cell. Polar -. Anterior/posterior.
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Evolution in Volvocine Algae Colonial Unicellular Common ancestor – not direct line Unicellular - Single cell Colonial - Different configurations Isogamous - Identical gametes Eyespot - Detect UV light Flagella - Propel the cell Polar - Anterior/posterior Vegetative cells - Cannot reproduce Reproductive cells - New colonies Oogamous - Egg & sperm
Volvocine Line Beginning http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/algaeheadpages/lowealgaef/greens/studealgae/stvov/stvolvox.htm Chlamydomonas Most primitive Single celled Bi-flagellate for movement Isogamous
Pandorina Large eyespots on one end http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/Chlorophyta/PandorinaLg.jpg New colony Polar Isogamous Each cell
Eudorina Smaller Colonial Polar Vegetative & reproductive First move toward reproductive specialization Isogamous
Volvox – colonial & polar Daughter colonies 1000’s vegetative Few reproductive Large nonmotile eggs Small sperm Oogamous Communication
Chlamydomonas Gonium Eudorina Volvox http://nimravid.wordpress.com/2008/04/16/evolve-multicellularity-volvox/
Symbiosis 2 different species live together Relationship Host - largest Mutualism - Both organisms benefit Commensalism - 1 benefits, 2nd unaffected Parasitism - 1 benefits, 2nd harmed Co-evolve to stable relationship
Mutualism - Lichens Algae Fungal hyphae Fungus & alga
Body shape = Crustose http://www.cs-music.com/features/photos/lichen-fence.html
Body shape = Foliose http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pljan98f.htm
Body shape = Fruticose http://www.hiltonpond.org/ThisWeek010222.html
Mutualism – termite & protozoa http://www.securitypest.com/images/TermiteAcrop.jpg
Trichonympha • http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2011/Animal-like.html
Commensalism - Barnacles Home & transportation • http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/u-z/gwhale_tail.jpg
Remora http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0505/articles/gallery_1.html
Commensalism - Bromiliad Epiphyte
Parasitism – host is harmed Modified Parasite - Needs nourishment Needs transportation Needs to reproduce Complicated life cycle
Anopheles Mosquito Secondary host Malaria protozoa Sexual reproduction Transportation
Plasmodium a protozoa Penetrates human liver cells – asexual spores
Infected Red Blood Cells Asexual spores reproduce until RBC ruptures Male & female gametocytes Mosquito = fuse to form zygote
Tapeworm eggs Ingested by primary host Larva
Primary host Small intestine 7 meters long
Scolex Suckers hooks
Blood Fluke Eggs From feces
Eggs hatch into ciliated larvae Infect secondary host - snail
Larvae escape snail into water Invade humans through skin
Adult Blood Flukes In blood vessels Sexual reproduction Eggs migrate
200,000,000 People Infected 1,000,000 death annually