Force and Motion

1. Force and Motion A Look at the Nature of Energy

2. What are three ways that motion can be described? Position – an object’s location relative to another object (point of reference) where the distance will change when the object moves – ex. above, below, behind, ahead Direction – course or path that an object is moving and can be determined by using north, south, east, and west or right, left, up, or down Speed – a measure of how fast an object is moving

3. What is Force? A push or pull that can make things move faster, slower, stop, or change direction. A force may give energy to an object, creating motion, stopping motion, or changing its direction. The 3 types of forces are: 1. Gravity 2. Magnetism 3. Friction

4. Friction A push or pull that can make things move faster, slower, stop, or change direction. The factors that affect friction are surface, pressure, and texture It can be reduced by using lubricants such as oil, wax, or grease.

5. Gravity Gravity is a force of attraction that exists between all objects in the universe. The pull of Earth’s gravity makes objects fall to the ground. The size of the force of gravity depends on the masses of the two objects and the distance between them. The moon’s gravity pulls on Earth causing tides and the Earth’s gravity causes the moon to move around the Earth. The Sun’s gravity keeps the Earth moving around the Sun.

6. Impact of Mass on Gravity The size of the gravitational pull between objects depends on the masses of the objects. The larger the mass, the greater the gravitational pull. Even our own bodies have gravity. The Earth's gravity is far stronger than our own so we don't notice the gravity our bodies possess.

7. Magnetism Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion that acts at a distance. A magnet is an object that exhibits a strong magnetic field and will attract materials like iron to it. Magnets have two poles, called the north (N) and south (S) poles. Two magnets will be attracted by their opposite poles, and each will repel the like pole of the other magnet.

8. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

9. Measuring Motion Motion involves a change in position during a certain amount of time. The rate at which an object moves is speed. Any object that is changing its position has speed. Speed that does not change is called constant speed.

10. Momentum Momentum describes how strong a moving thing is. It will determine whether your force is balanced or unbalanced. Things that aren't moving have no momentum. Moving things have less momentum if they are light or moving slowly, and more momentum if they are heavy or moving fast.

11. Nature of Energy • Energy is the ability to do work. • Energy can appear in many forms: • Mechanical • Heat • Chemical • Electromagnetic • Nuclear

12. Potential Energy Energy that an object has due to its shape or position is called potential energy. The potential energy that an object has is due to its height above the Earth’s surface.

13. Kinetic Energy Energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy. The heavier a thing is and the faster it moves the more kinetic energy it has.

14. Potential and Kinetic Energy Examples

15. Force and Motion Games/Websites http://www.gamequarium.com/forcesandmotion.html http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-and-motion-basics http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/6_7/forces_movement.shtml http://sciencegames.4you4free.com/force_motion_gravity.html http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/force-and-motion.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/fgravity-and-inertia.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/inertia.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/acceleration.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/forces-and-motion/action-and-reaction.htm