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The Rock Cycle Chapter 7

This chapter explores the basics of minerals, how rocks form, and how they change over time. Learn about properties of minerals, rock classification, and the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition. Discover the continuous transformation of rocks in the rock cycle.

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The Rock Cycle Chapter 7

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  1. The Rock CycleChapter 7 Lesson One- What are Minerals Lesson 2- How Do Rocks Form Lesson 3- How are Rocks Changed?

  2. Lesson 1 What are Minerals Mineral- is a naturally occurring, nonliving solid that has a specific chemical makeup and a crystalline, or repeating, atomic structure Examples are quartz, diamonds, and salt There are hundreds of different minerals One property that is easy to see is COLOR Streak- the color of the powder left behind when you run a mineral against a rough white tile, or a streak plate. Luster- the way a mineral’s surface reflects light

  3. Mineral Hardness -An important property of minerals is their hardness Hardness- a minerals ability to resist being scratched -some minerals are so hard that they can’t be scratched by anything Friedrich Mohs, found that minerals can be classified by how are they are to scratch. He came up with a scale that ranks minerals from 1 to 10 according to their hardness (talc=1 and diamond=10) -Your fingernail has a hardness of about 2.5 -Steel nails have a harness of about 5.5

  4. The crystal structure of calcite refracts, or bends, light a certain way. Lodestone can be used in a compass to help you find your way. Some kinds of minerals glow under ultraviolet, or “black” light. Quarts develops an electric potential when pressurized. Calcite Lodestone Unique Properties of Minerals

  5. Lesson 2: How do Rocks Form Igneous Rocks Rock- a natural solid made of one or more minerals -rocks are classified into three groups depending on how they form Igneous Rock- rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens -these rocks that form underground have large crystals that form

  6. Sedimentary Rock • These are rocks that have been formed by weathering and erosion. • This causes “sediments” to relocate and set down or deposit in another location. • Deposition- the process by which sediment settles out of water or is dropped by the wind. • Some minerals dissolved in water come out of solution, forming a kind of cement • Sedimentary rock- rock that is formed by cemented sediments • Think of worn away or layered rocks!! • Examples: • Sandstone • Limestone

  7. Metamorphic Rock • Rocks can change form under certain conditions • Metamorphic rock- rock that is changed by heat and pressure • These rocks are found in every mountain range on Earth • Because of weight and pressure, rocks get very hot which causes them to change into a new rock • They also form on the ocean floor • Examples: • Slate • Marble • Quartzite

  8. Lesson 3 How Are Rocks Changed • Rocks get broken down by weathering • Weathering- the process of wearing away rocks by a natural process like, wind, rain, earthquakes, floods and volcanoes • All rocks on Earth’s surface are weathered, but not all rocks weather at the same rate • Rocks that contain mostly hard minerals weather much more slowly than rocks that contain mostly soft minerals. • Erosion- the process of moving sediments by wind, water, and ice

  9. The Rock Cycle • Weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and pressure can all change rocks • Rock Cycle- is the continuous process in which one type of rock changes into another type

  10. Soil Formations • Some soil is good for farming • Rich farming soil contains small pieces of decayed plant and animal matter, called humus. This provides additional nutrients that plants need to grow.

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