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Discover how the Second Great Awakening inspired movements for education, temperance, workers' rights, and care for the needy in mid-1800s America. Explore Horace Mann's impact on public education and the establishment of ideal communities striving for utopia.
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Chapter 14, Section 3“Reforming American Society” Main Idea – In the mid-1800s, several reform movements worked to improve American education and society.
A Second Great Awakening Teaching at Revivals Revivals Effect on Reform Americans began to believe they could act to make things better; religion became important to many Americans again • Americans should improve themselves and their society, and they should help others
Temperance • a campaign to stop people from consuming alcohol • many male workers would spend much of their paychecks on drinking • women and business owners supported this movement
Workers’ Rights • workers organized into unions and used strikes to gain better working conditions, better hours and higher wages
Education • Horace Mann worked to improve public education • New schools and colleges offered some limited opportunities for women and African Americans
Care for the Needy • Improvements in caring for the mentally ill and building of new hospitals nation-wide • Schools are created for the deaf and blind • Conditions in jails were improved (separating children and adults; rehabilitating prisoners)
Ideal Communities • Aimed to create a “utopia” – a perfect world • People were given food and other necessities for living in exchange for work • None were very successful