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Alcohol Effects on Blood Pressure and Dopamine Release: A Comparison of Urban and Yoder Studies

This study analyzes the effects of alcohol on blood pressure and dopamine release, comparing the findings of the Urban and Yoder studies. It explores design issues, the consistency of the "typical alcohol curve," and potential factors that influence alcohol-related outcomes. The study also investigates differences between males and females and examines the role of dopamine in reward prediction.

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Alcohol Effects on Blood Pressure and Dopamine Release: A Comparison of Urban and Yoder Studies

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  1. n = 6 males

  2. no trick subjects apprised of drink type just before scan is this different from Urban? Is it different from Yoder?

  3. how consistent is the “typical alcohol curve?” what can be done to control it?

  4. compare to Urban who got 12% change in BP in VS in 11 males.

  5. n = 11 males; 10 females, analyzed separately

  6. design issues: no baseline – what happens if DA goes DOWN with placebo – is this still a valid comparison? a valid interpretation? how do we know they got to steady state? is that necessary for their analysis? why might DA go down with ‘placebo’ drink is 3 drinks-worth; forced drinking in 5-10 minutes? aversive? differences are masked by vodka smell – will this induce negative reward-prediction error?

  7. DA release related to frequency of max-drinking day? what does this mean? do men differ from women because they are demographically different?

  8. blinded? expectations? order effects? (need sham scan)

  9. n = 8 males cue (visual and OLFACTORY)

  10. bolus study order effects? why? can it be avoided? not self admin is iv alcohol like drinking? look at behavioral self reports

  11. No CS unexpected reward from: Schultz, Dayan, & Montague, 1997, Science. CS predicted reward CS absence of predicted reward Conclusions- I • Data conform to observations of dopaminergic function in reward prediction. • Dopamine’s coding of expectation may be relevant to alcoholism (see Lapish, Seaman, & Chandler, 2006. ACER).

  12. is the Yoder design really analogous to the Schulz experiment in monkeys? Don’t we need prior conditioning? What is the author’s answer to this?** would like to know if anyone’s BP went wrong way (DA down) in Urban study – if so, it would agree with Yoder. BAC in Boileau study did not correlate with DBP (agrees with Urban -- claimed it didn’t correlate with) **Yoder et al: probably claim that prior drinking exposure IS conditioning. So when they see and hear alcohol cues – they expect to get reward. Consider figure 3. Subjects said: “It was clear I was about to get drunk.”

  13. Yoder: SHAS and AUDIT scores NOT correlated with DBP Boileau: SHAS scores did not correlate with DBP impulsiveness predicted BP change in VS

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