IP over OPTICAL ITU-T Workshop July 2002 Optical Switching And Equipment

1. IP over OPTICALITU-T WorkshopJuly 2002Optical Switching And Equipment Alcatel Confidential and Proprietary

2. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Optical cross-connects based on Electrical switching technology • Optical cross-connects based on Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

3. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Electrical switching technology • Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

4. Benefits of the fully transparent networks • Two core switching technologies are available for providing flexibility in the OTN • Electrical • medium size cross-connects (<512 lambdas) • Photonic • allow bigger size in opaque context (thousands of ports in future) • key element for all optical networks • The operator choice is driven by the overall network cost and depends strongly on the network itself (topology, traffic matrix) and the application

5. Optical Switching Techniques And Network applications overview LTE/ Vendor A LTE/ Vendor B - Electrical fabric with black & white O/E ports - Multi-vendor solution, cope with WDM installed base - pre-OTN or full G.709 management Electrical O/E O/E O/E/O O/E/O OXC/ Vendor C - Electrical fabric with colored O/E ports - Mono-vendor solution - full G.709 management (and pre-OTN) Electrical O/E O/E OXC+WDM/ Vendor C

6. Optical Switching Techniques And Network applications overview LTE/ Vendor A LTE/ Vendor B - Optical fabric without O/E/O ports - O/E/O ports in WDM - Multi-vendor solution - Partial G.709 management Photonic O/E/O O/E/O OXC/ Vendor C - Optical fabric without O/E ports - no O/E/O ports in WDM for pass-through traffic - Mono-vendor solution - Partial G.709 management Photonic OXC + WDM Vendor C

7. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Electrical switching technology • Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

8. Electrical Optical Switching TechniquesElectrical technologie - Cross-connects with integrated colored WDM transponders(+) full access to the G.709 frame (+) most cost effective solution (avoid multiple OEO in the node) (-) mono vendor solution LTE/ Vendor A UNI NNI NNI O/E O/E/O O/E OXC + LTE / Vendor C - Cross-connects with black & white O/E ports(+) allow multi-vendor interoperability (-) G.709 management must be complemented in order to forward the section Signal Degrade condition (based on FEC corrected errors) from WDM systems to OXC (as well as from WDM system to WDM system)

9. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Electrical switching technology • Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

10. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Electrical switching technology • Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

11. Photonic switching technologyOpaque environment DCI DCI - Optical fabric without O/E/O ports- O/E/O ports in WDM- multi-vendor solution- Large scale OXC with 3D MEMS techno (thousand of ports) Photonic O/E/O O/E/O LTE/ Vendor A OXC/ Vendor C LTE/ Vendor B (+) cost effectiveness for intelligent patch panel in pre-OTN or OTN environment (-) no 3R ports in OXC => only non intrusive monitoring capabilities (-) OXC ports provide a low level of monitoring capabilities (optical LOS only) => a performant networking application (protection, restoration) implies to add an alarm forwarding mechanism from WDM to OXC (DCI).

12. Agenda • Overview Of Optical Switching Techniques • Electrical switching technology • Photonic switching technology • In “opaque” context • Toward fully transparent networks

13. Benefits of the fully transparent networks • Cost savings on the transponder side • Pass-through traffic is switched all optically in a node, there are no 3R transponders on the signal path => less 3R transponders in the network • Cost savings on the switching elements side • Port price of a photonic fabric is the same for one single channel or multiple channels => less ports, lower price for an equivalent switching capacity • the combination of a 3R lambda OXC and a photonic band cross-connect alleviates the size of the 3R OXC • On typical Pan-European and Pan-American networks, around 20% savings can be experienced with transparent Band cross-connect

14. Transparent NetworksNode Architecture Photonic Band 1 Combination of transparent « band » cross-connect and 3R lambda cross-connect Band 2 Band MUX Band MUX Band n Band MUX Band MUX 3R Lambda cross-connect:- flexible lambda grooming- lambda conversion to resolve blocking Lambda MUX Intra Vendor Proprietary Interface .. Lambda MUX Lambda MUX Lambda MUX Lambda Fabric User Network Interfaces (UNI). 10G, 4*2.5G

15. Key issues in Fully transparent Long-haul networks • Cascadability of filtering functions • Only band cross-connect is feasible in long-haul applications (8 bands of 10 lambdas) • Fluctuation of power • automatic power adjustment when changing the (band) provisionning • Chromatic dispersion adjustment • Increased tunability range required, need for tunable chromatic dispersion on a band basis • Monitoring issues • access to digital information in only possible at the edge of the network

16. Core Switching Power management Power management Adjustable CD mgmt DWDM Transparent Networks Node Architecture Building blocks for fully transparent optical cross-connect - Active Gain Equalization (AGE): equalize the OSNR degradation, on a section basis - Tunable Dispersion Compensation: - shared signal quality measurement (for maintenance activities and fault location)

17. Thanks